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高产水带来主要经济与操作问题有几个原因，它使产油量减少、导致大量的产出水需处理，增加了脱水站的负荷，引起管线和设备的结垢并使腐蚀加快。因此，需要减少产水量。几种机械和化学方法可用于堵水。然而，具体措施的选择取决于水源、化学堵水处理方法包括注凝胶溶液，在油藏条件下形成凝胶。有三种主要胶凝体系可用于堵水处理，即含交联的水溶性聚合物、酚醛树脂和硅酸钠凝胶。近年来，在大量室内实验基础上，有两种胶凝体系在沙特阿拉伯油田进行了现场试验，两种体系都是在碳酸盐岩油藏中进行的；油层温度为104.4－115.6℃，地层水矿化度为45000－200000mg/1。第一种胶凝体系由聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）、醋酸盐和缓凝剂组成。该体系用于两口井以降低因底水锥进造成的出水。第二种体系田硅酸钠与内、外部活化剂组成。该体系用于一口有高渗透层的生产井。上述体系在油田应用期间和之后出现了一些操作和质量问题。本文对这些问题进行了详细讨论，并建议对这些体系进行改进。最后也强调了应用几种胶凝体系的利弊。
There are several reasons why high-yielding water causes major economic and operational problems. It causes a reduction in oil production, leads to a large amount of produced water to be treated, increases the load on the dehydration station, causes fouling of pipelines and equipment, and accelerates corrosion. Therefore, there is a need to reduce water production. Several mechanical and chemical methods can be used to block water. However, the choice of a specific measure depends on the source of the water, chemical plugging treatments include gel injections, gel formation under reservoir conditions. There are three main types of gelling systems that can be used to block water treatment, ie cross-linked water-soluble polymers, phenolic resins and sodium silicate gels. In recent years, based on a large number of laboratory experiments, two gelling systems have been field-tested in the Saudi Arabian oilfield, both of which were carried out in carbonate reservoirs; the reservoir temperature was 104.4-115.6 ° C and the formation Water salinity is 45000-200000mg / 1. The first gel system consists of polyacrylamide (PAM), acetate and retarder. The system is used in two wells to reduce the effluent caused by bottom water coning. The second system, sodium silicate and internal and external activators. The system is used in a production well with a high permeability bed. The above system presents some operational and quality issues during and after the field application. The paper discusses these issues in detail and suggests improvements to these systems. Finally, it also highlights the pros and cons of using several gelling systems.