古代臣民政治文化如何向近代公民的政治文化转型 ,是中国近代政治思维的难点。谭嗣同的《仁学》试图以中国传统文化为底蕴 ,建构“废君主 ,倡民主 ,变不平等为平等”的近代公民政治文化 ,故而他在融通中与西、古代与近代的政治文化过程中表现出了双重“误读”。但这种“误读”有历史的合理性 ,它成为连接两种类型政治文化的通道 How to Transform the Political Culture of the Ancient Subjects into the Political Culture of the Modern Citizens is a Difficult Point in the Political Thinking in Modern China. Tan Sitong’s “benevolence theory” attempts to build on the traditional Chinese culture as the modern citizen’s political culture of “ruining the monarch, advocating democracy, and changing equality into equality”. Therefore, in the political and cultural process of the West, the ancient and the modern, Showing a double “misreading.” However, this kind of “misreading” has historical rationality and it becomes a channel connecting two types of political culture