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研究表明超极化激活环核苷酸门控阳离子通道(HCN通道)大量分布于心脏及神经系统的特定部位,其介导的起搏电流引起窦房结细胞舒张期去极化,从而在心脏自主搏动及心律的调节等方面发挥着十分重要的生理功能。目前,已克隆得到4种HCN亚型基因,并通过功能表达分析指出各种HCN亚型具有不同的电生理学特性。但是目前有关HCN通道在心脏电活动中的生理及病理生理机制仍未完全阐明。本篇综述旨在详细阐述心脏HCN通道的生物物理学特性、心脏通道蛋白表达、各种HCN通道突变引起的离子通道疾病以及几种通道阻滞药物电药理学特性的研究进展。
Studies have shown that hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels (HCN channels) are abundantly distributed in specific parts of the heart and nervous system and their pacing currents cause diastolic depolarization of sinoatrial node cells, Independent beats and regulation of heart rhythm and so plays a very important physiological function. At present, four HCN subtypes have been cloned and analyzed by functional analysis to show that different HCN subtypes have different electrophysiological properties. However, the current physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of HCN pathway during cardiac electrical activity have not yet been fully elucidated. This review is intended to detail the biophysical properties of cardiac HCN channels, the expression of cardiac pathway proteins, ion channel disorders caused by mutations in various HCN channels, and the progress in the electrophysiological properties of several channel blockers.