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目的了解北京市西城区出生缺陷发生情况,为今后监测工作的管理重点提供依据。方法对2009年西城区出生缺陷监测的数据进行率及顺位等分析。结果①2009年西城区人群监测缺陷发生率为25.31‰,高于2007、2008年的畸形发生率。畸形易发的部位按照发生率从高到低依次位心脏、外耳、睾丸、皮肤、腭及脚趾。畸形有左右部分的,左耳、左足、左乳要高于右耳、右足、右乳的畸形发生率,但睾丸不明显。畸形的种类按发生率从到到低的顺位依次为先心、副耳、隐睾、血管瘤、腭裂及并趾。先心按易发的种类按发生率高低依次为动脉导管未闭、房缺、室缺。②出生缺陷发生率为女孩高于男孩,外地户籍高于本地,母亲为少数民族的高于母亲为汉族的,高龄母亲高于低龄母亲,多胎高于单胎,在出生时间上为第四季度最高,第二季度最低。③社区医生独自发现畸形3例(0.52‰),1例多指(0.17‰),2例先心(0.34‰)。④在147例缺陷中引产6例,产前诊断构比为4.08%。结论①西城区出生缺陷发生率逐年增多,和加强的管理力度有关;出生缺陷发生部位在人体分左右的部分,一般左边多于右边,根据缺陷易发部位采取针对性的预防措施。②社区保健医生能够自行发现畸形,并且在缺陷线索动态掌握上更全面,使人群监测成为医院监测的补充,对了解地区缺陷状况优于医院监测。③可能影响缺陷发生的因素有待进一步的研究。④出生缺陷三道防线中第二道防线使某些畸形减少。
Objective To understand the occurrence of birth defects in Xicheng District of Beijing and provide the basis for the management of monitoring work in the future. Methods 2009 Xicheng District birth defects monitoring data rate and rank analysis. Results ① The incidence of monitoring defects in Xicheng District in 2009 was 25.31 ‰, which was higher than the incidence of deformities in 2007 and 2008. Malformations prone areas in accordance with the incidence of high-to-low position of the heart, outer ear, testis, skin, palate and toes. Deformity has left and right parts of the left ear, left foot, left breast to be higher than the right ear, right foot, right breast deformity incidence, but the testicles are not obvious. According to the incidence of deformity from low to high priority, congenital malformation, cryptorchidism, hemangioma, cleft palate and toe. Preoccupied by the type of hair by the incidence of high and low followed by patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, atrioventricular. ② The incidence of birth defects is higher for girls than for boys, higher than for local ones, with mothers of ethnic minorities higher than mothers of Han nationality, older mothers than younger mothers, multiple births higher than single births, and fourth birth of births Highest, lowest in the second quarter. ③ The community doctor found 3 cases (0.52 ‰) of malformations alone, 1 case of multiple finger (0.17 ‰), 2 cases of heart (0.34 ‰). ④ In 147 cases of induced abortion in 6 cases, prenatal diagnosis of structure ratio of 4.08%. Conclusions ① The incidence of birth defects in Xicheng District is increasing year by year, which is related to the strengthening of management. The birth defects occur on the left and right sides of the human body, while the left and right sides are more than the right, and targeted prevention measures are based on the vulnerable sites. ② Community health physicians can detect deformities by themselves and have a more complete grasp on the dynamic clues of the defects so that the monitoring of the population becomes a supplement to the hospital monitoring and is better than the hospital monitoring in understanding the regional defects. ③ factors that may affect the occurrence of defects pending further study. ④ birth defects three lines of defense in the second line of defense to reduce some deformities.