急性肾功能衰竭是许多外源性毒物所致的一种最常见而严重的併发症?」苡辛讼冉闹瘟品椒?而急性肾功能衰竭的死亡率仍高达35～40%。肾毒性损伤的分类至今未能统一。有的根据外源性中毒引起的肾功能障碍采用“中毒性肾病”,“毒性肾”这个术语。有的强调导致肾功能衰竭的发病机制,而叫“休克肾”。也有的根据病因而称为”升汞肾”、“氨基磺胺肾”、“非那西汀肾”或“甘露醇肾’等。根据其病理过程的形态学进行分类较为具体。从许多实验性病理形态学研究证明,急性肾功能衰竭的病理基础在于肾小管的损伤,而肾小球较为完整,或为继发性损伤。中毒时很少发现肾小球病变,即毛细 Acute renal failure is one of the most common and serious complications of many exogenous toxicants. “However, acute renal failure still has as high as 35-40% mortality. The classification of nephrotoxicity has so far failed to unify. Some according to exogenous poisoning caused by renal dysfunction, ”toxic nephropathy“, ”toxic kidney“ is the term. Some stress the pathogenesis of renal failure, called ”shock kidney.“ Some are also called ”ascending kidney mercury,“ ”sulfasalazine,“ ”phenacetin,“ or ”mannitol kidney," depending on the cause, etc. The classification according to the pathological process is more specific, Pathological morphological studies have shown that the pathological basis of acute renal failure is tubular injury, and glomerular integrity, or secondary injury when poisoning rarely found in glomerular lesions, ie, capillary