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目的了解务川自治县寄宿制中学生结核病流行病学现状,为学校结核病防治工作提供科学依据。方法2014年11月至2015年3月,对务川县11所寄宿制中学25 350名学生开展结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(TB-PPD)试验普查,对检测结果阳性的学生全部由县人民医院进行临床与实验室诊断。结果 25 350名学生中检出PPD阳性1 251例,阳性率为4.93%(1 251/25 350),确诊结核病99例,检出率为0.39%(99/25 350)。高中学生中检出PPD阳性1 161例,阳性率7.00%(1 161/16 586),初中学生阳性90例,阳性率1.03%(90/8 764),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=436.057,P<0.05);高中学生结核病检出率0.45%(75/16 586),初中学生检出率为0.28%(24/8 764),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3.816,P<0.05)。男生PPD试验阳性率为4.38%(627/14 319),女生为5.66%(624/11 031),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=21.692,P<0.05);男生结核病检出率为0.31%(45/14 319),女生为0.49%(54/11 031),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.920,P<0.05)。结论定期对中学生开展PPD普查,能有效发现并控制结核病及其传染源,中学生的结核病防治应是当前学校卫生工作的重点。
Objective To understand the epidemiological status of tuberculosis among boarding middle school students in Wuchuan County and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools. Methods From November 2014 to March 2015, the TB-PPD test was conducted on 25 350 students from 11 boarding schools in Muanchuan County. All the students who tested positive were all from the county people Hospital for clinical and laboratory diagnosis. Results Among the 25 350 students, 1 251 cases were positive for PPD, the positive rate was 4.93% (1 251/25 350). 99 cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed with the detection rate of 0.39% (99/25 350). Among the high school students, 1 161 were positive for PPD, the positive rate was 7.00% (1 161/16 586), 90 were positive for junior high school students, the positive rate was 1.03% (90/8 764), the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 436.057, P <0.05). The detection rate of tuberculosis in high school students was 0.45% (75/16 586) and that of junior high school students was 0.28% (24/8 764), the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 3.816, P <0.05). The male PPD test positive rate was 4.38% (627/14 319), girls 5.66% (624/11 031), the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 21.692, P <0.05); male TB rate was 0.31 % (45/14 319), while girls were 0.49% (54/11 031). The difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 4.920, P <0.05). Conclusions Regular PPD screening for secondary school students can effectively detect and control tuberculosis and its source of infection. Prevention and treatment of tuberculosis among middle school students should be the focus of current school health work.