碳市场构成要素中,规则是最初的、也是最重要的核心要素。有的规则具有强制性,如《京都议定书》便是碳市场的最重要强制性规则之一。《议定书》规定了《公约》附件一国家(发达国家和经济转型国家)的量化减排指标;即在2008~2012年间其温室气体排放量在1990年的水平上平均削减5.2%。其他规则从《议定书》中衍生,如《议定书》规定欧盟的集体减排目标为,2012年比1990年排放水平降低8%,欧盟从中再分配给各成员国,并于2005年设立了欧盟排放交易体系(EU Of the carbon market components, rules are the first and most important core element. Some rules are mandatory, such as the “Kyoto Protocol” is one of the most important mandatory rules of the carbon market. The Protocol sets the quantitative emission reduction targets for Annex I countries to the Convention (developed countries and countries with economies in transition); that is, their average GHG emissions were reduced by 5.2% from 1990 to 2008-2008 levels. Other rules derived from the Protocol, such as the “Protocol” set the EU’s collective emission reduction targets, the emission level in 2012 compared with 1990 to reduce 8%, the EU from which to re-distribute to Member States, and in 2005 established the EU emissions Trading System