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目的根据国家重大公共卫生项目农村妇女免费增补叶酸预防神经管缺陷(NTDs)实施现状,探讨干预叶酸发放的卫生服务供方和需方对提高目标人群增补叶酸知识知晓率的效果。方法对供方进行专业知识技能培训,对需方拟孕育龄妇女开展社区健康教育,观察干预前后孕早期妇女增补叶酸知识知晓率的变化。结果干预后孕早期妇女增补叶酸知识知晓率与干预前比较,需方干预组明显提高,P<0.05;供方干预组无统计学差异,P>0.05。结论对供方即叶酸发放的卫生机构专业人员进行专业知识技能培训干预,对提高孕早期妇女增补叶酸知识知晓率效果不明显。而对需方即拟孕育龄妇女开展社区健康教育能明显提高孕早期妇女增补叶酸知识知晓率,提示对需方干预的必要性和重要性。
Objective To investigate the effect of folic acid-supplying health care providers and demand-siders on raising the awareness rate of folic acid supplementation in target population according to the status quo of free folate prophylaxis against neural tube defects (NTDs) in rural women under major national public health programs. Methods The supplier was trained in professional knowledge and skills, and community health education was conducted on the women of childbearing age on demand side. The changes of women’s awareness of folic acid supplementation before and after pregnancy were observed. Results Compared with pre-intervention, the awareness rate of folic acid supplementation in early pregnant women after intervention was significantly higher than that before intervention (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in donor intervention group (P> 0.05). Conclusions It is not obvious to improve the awareness rate of folic acid supplementation in pregnant women in the first trimester because of the professional knowledge and skills intervention of health professionals in the supply department of folic acid. However, community-based health education on the demand-side women, that is, pregnant women of childbearing age, can significantly improve the awareness rate of folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy, suggesting the necessity and importance of intervention on demand side.