黑格尔认为中国人在文化方面有很高的声名,却没有真正意义上的哲学,理由是中国人提出了作为最高本质的道,但只是抽象的普遍,在过渡到具体时,却没有能力给思想创造一个范畴[规定]的王国。事实果真如此吗?《荀子》中的“类”观念可以回答这个问题。荀子明确提出道可以从不同方面来认识的观念,进而提出“类不悖,虽久同理”的观点,意思是说同类则同理,异类则异理。这就使道在过渡到具体时有了范畴的方式或规定。他把“虚壹而静”当作解蔽的方法,其实就是把它当作认识各类具体事物中的道的方法。他的正名思想主张同类则同名,异类则异名,显然是把具体事物当做类概念来对待的;他提出“当簿其类然后可”的观点,主张认识要以感觉经验符合事物的类为基础,表现了鲜明的经验论的哲学色彩。荀子关于“类”的思想,上接老子的道论辩证法,下启韩非的道理论,恰恰表明古代中国人有能力给思想创造一个范畴的王国。不过,与古希腊哲学比较起来,由于实用功利目的的强势引领,荀子的范畴思想在概念化和体系化上发展得并不充分,这也是不容否认的。 Hegel believes that Chinese people have a high reputation in culture but no real philosophy on the ground that the Chinese have put forward the Tao as the supreme essence but they are only abstract and universal, but they are incapable of making a transition to a concrete one A kingdom that creates a category [regulation] for thought. Is it true? The “class” concept in “Xunzi” can answer this question. Xunzi clearly put forward the concept that can be recognized from different aspects, and then put forward the idea of ​​“similarities and differences, though long lasting”, which means that the same is the principle of the same type of heterogeneity. This allows the Tao to have a categorical approach or regulation in the transition to concrete. He used “virtual one and quiet” as a method of deconstruction, in fact, as a way of understanding the ways in various concrete things. His idea of ​​just names is of the same name, of the same kind, of a heterogeneous category, apparently treating concrete things as a class concept; he proposes the idea of ​​“classifying books and then” and advocating understanding of things that conform to sensory experience Based on the class, it shows a distinctly empirical philosophical color. Xunzi’s thought of “class ” followed by Taoist dialectics of Lao Tzu and the introduction of Han Fei’s doctrine of Daoism precisely show that the ancient Chinese were capable of creating a category of kingdoms for their thoughts. However, compared with the ancient Greek philosophy, it is undeniable that Xunzi’s category ideology has not been fully conceptualized and systematized due to the strong lead of practical utilitarian purposes.