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利用整体染色激光扫描共聚焦显微术(WE-CLSM),对广东高州普通野生稻与粳稻台中65杂交F1的成熟胚囊育性、胚囊形成发育及受精特点进行研究。杂种F1成熟胚囊平均育性为64.61%。不同杂种的成熟胚囊均存在不同程度的异常现象,异常的主要类型有:胚囊退化、小胚囊、雌性生殖单位退化、卵器退化、极核数目或位置异常及其他异常等类型。其中频率最高的异常类型为雌性生殖单位退化(10.49%),其次是胚囊退化(9.80%)。杂种F1的胚囊发育过程与高州野生稻原种基本一致,育性低的杂种F1胚囊发育过程出现多种异常现象。对3个杂种F1受粉后1 d的胚囊进行观察发现,除正常受精膨大的胚囊外,还存在结构正常未受精和结构异常未受精等异常现象。受粉后7 d的胚囊基本上与受粉后1 d的相似。研究结果表明,广东高州普通野生稻可能具有决定杂种F1胚囊育性的不同基因,包括中性基因等。
The embryo sac maturation, embryo sac formation and fertilization of F1 hybrid between Gaozhou, a common wild rice from Taichung of Guangdong Province, and F1 hybrids were studied by using whole-cell scanning confocal microscopy (WE-CLSM). The average fertility of hybrid F1 mature embryo sac was 64.61%. The mature embryo sacs of different hybrids have different degrees of abnormalities. The main types of abnormalities include embryo sac degeneration, small embryo sac, degeneration of female reproductive units, oviposit degradation, the number or location of polar nuclei and other abnormalities. The most frequent type of abnormality was degeneration of female reproductive units (10.49%), followed by blastocyst degeneration (9.80%). The embryo sac development of hybrid F1 was basically the same as that of Gaozhou wild rice, and many abnormalities appeared during the embryo sac development of hybrid F1 with low fertility. The observation of the embryo sacs of 3 F1 hybrids after 1 d showed that in addition to normal embryo sac enlargement, there were abnormalities such as normal and unfertilized structures and unfertilized structures. The embryo sac 7 days after receiving powder was basically similar to that on day 1 after receiving powder. The results showed that Gaozhou common wild rice may have different genes that determine the fertility of hybrid F1 embryos, including neutral genes.