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有人说中国语法学是一门年青的科学,这话又对又不对。如果只从1898年马建忠《马氏文通》算起,那当然是够年青的;但是中国语法学源远流长,早在春秋战国时期的《春秋》注释中就有类似语法的分析,它经过长期的孕育醖酿,有自身的传统。所以换一个角度看,中国语法学又是一门不年青的科学了。 又有人说中国语法学来自西方,这话也是又对又不对。就拿《马氏文通》来说吧,它固然模仿拉丁语法,用西方的语法框架来套汉语的材料;但是它也大量继承了我国传统的语法研究成果,例如关于句、读、顿的理论,关于虚词尤其是助字的理论,关于句式、语序、省略、倒装的说法,等等。所以从某种意义上说,《马氏文通》应该看作是中国语法研究与西方语法学的交汇和融合。人类文明进化史表明,学科创建之初有时模仿也许是不可避免的,也许可以不叫作模仿而叫作引进或创造。本国没有的东西,也可以在国内创造,也可以从国外引进,在这个意义上,引进是否也是一种创造?! 不过,也无庸讳言,《马氏文通》以后的40年间,尽管诞生了《新著国语文法》这部反映白话文规律的大著作,但是中国语法学界确实一直存在模仿西洋语法、忽视汉语特点的倾向。三十年代、四十年代,正由此而引发了中国文法的革新运动,主要代表人物是王力、吕叔
Some people say that Chinese grammar is a young science, which is not right. Of course, it is young enough if only from Ma Jianwen Tong in 1898. However, Chinese grammar goes back to ancient times. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period annals of the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a grammatical analysis. After a long period of inception Brewing, have their own traditions. So from another perspective, Chinese grammar is an ageless science. Some people say that Chinese grammar comes from the West, and the words are right and wrong. Take Ma Shi Wen tong, for example, imitating the Latin grammar and using the western grammar framework to cover the Chinese material. However, it inherits the traditional Chinese grammar research results, such as the theory of sentence, reading, and study , On the theory of function words, especially the auxiliary word, on the sentence, word order, omitted, flip the saying, and so on. Therefore, in a certain sense, “Ma’s Stitching” should be regarded as the intersection and fusion of Chinese grammar study and western grammar. The history of the evolution of human civilization shows that sometimes imitation at the beginning of the discipline may be inevitable and may not be called imitation but may be called introduction or creation. In this sense, it is also a kind of creation to introduce something that our country does not have can also be created domestically or abroad. However, it is also safe to say that in the 40 years since the publication of the “Ma’s Stalin,” despite the birth of “ New Chinese Grammar, ”a major work that reflects the law of vernacular Chinese, but there is indeed a tendency in the Chinese grammar community to imitate Western grammar and neglect the characteristics of Chinese. In the 1930s and 1940s, this led to the reform movement of Chinese grammar. The main representatives were Wang Li, Lu Shu