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长期以来,关于明代内阁在政治中枢中的地位问题人们争论得很多。有不少人认为内阁就是宰相,也有不少学者认为内阁自始至终没有取得法定的宰相地位。通过内阁与西汉的宰相进行比较,我们发现明代的内阁在政治中枢中占据了很重要的地位,但它却不是宰相,它与宰相在政治权力上有很多的不同之处,远远不能与宰相相提并论。它仅仅是非制度化、非法律化的议政咨询机构,不具有决策权及行政执行权。阁臣也仅仅是秘书和顾问,是皇帝身边的代言侍臣。
For a long time there has been a lot of controversy over the status of the cabinet of the Ming Dynasty in the political center. Many people think that the cabinet is the prime minister, and many scholars think that the cabinet has not obtained the statutory prime minister status from start to finish. Through the comparison between the cabinet and the Prime Minister of the Western Han Dynasty, we find that the Cabinet of the Ming Dynasty occupies a very important position in the political center. However, it is not the prime minister. It has many differences in political power with the Prime Minister, and it is far from being compatible with the Prime Minister Equivalent. It is only a non-institutionalized and non-legal advisory body for political consultation. It does not have the power of making decisions and implementing administrative power. Cabinet ministers are also just secretary and adviser, is the emperor’s endorsement minister.