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该文总结了现有的沉速试验及测量方法,针对非均匀粉砂的特点,根据不同浓度泥沙浑水的透光差异性原理,提出了基于图像灰度的沉速试验方法。该方法通过连续拍摄图片记录泥沙沉降过程,将图片灰度值转化为浓度值得到垂向浓度分布,并根据质量守恒求解沉速。据此,进行了3组不同初始浓度的沉降试验,结果表明在0 kg/m3～2 kg/m3的浓度范围内,图像灰度与浓度的相关性较好。该方法与现有试验方法相比,减小了对粉砂沉降过程的干扰,可以合理地测量泥沙浓度和沉速的垂向分布及二者随时间的变化过程,并计算出三峡库区非均匀粉砂的平均沉速参考值,不足之处在于试验的条件不易控制和适用浓度较低。
This paper summarizes the existing sedimentation tests and measurement methods. According to the characteristics of non-uniform silt, a sedimentation test method based on grayscale of image is proposed according to the principle of light transmission difference of muddy water with different concentrations. The method records the sediment sedimentation process by taking pictures continuously, converts the gray value of the picture into the concentration value to obtain the vertical concentration distribution, and solves the settling velocity according to the mass conservation. According to this, three sets of sedimentation experiments with different initial concentrations were carried out. The results showed that the correlation between the grayscale and concentration was good at the concentration range of 0 kg / m3 ~ 2 kg / m3. Compared with the existing experimental methods, this method can reduce the disturbance to the sedimentation process of silt, and can reasonably measure the vertical distribution of sediment concentration and sedimentation rate and the change process of both with time, The average sedimentation rate of non-uniform reference value of silt, the shortcomings of the test conditions are not easy to control and lower applicable concentrations.