利用1980—2009年三峡库区及周边15个气象探空站的高空资料,分析了三峡库区空中水资源的变化特征,结果表明:三峡库区上空整层水汽含量分布从东北到西南逐渐增加。三峡库区的水汽主要来自西南水汽输送,夏季西南风水汽输送强度最大。三峡库区上空水汽多以辐合为主,尤其在库区西北部和东南部的辐合特征更为明显。三峡库区的水汽主要从南边界流入,而主要从东边界流出。三峡库区各月的净水汽通量都为正值,呈单峰型变化,在7月达到最大值。近30 a,三峡库区净水汽通量经历了明显的先上升后下降的抛物线型年代际变化,春季和冬季的平均净水汽通量整体呈减少趋势,而夏季、秋季和年平均的净水汽通量呈增加趋势。 Based on the high altitude data of 15 meteorological sounding stations in the Three Gorges reservoir area and surrounding areas from 1980 to 2009, the variation characteristics of air water resources in the Three Gorges reservoir area were analyzed. The results show that the distribution of water vapor content over the Three Gorges reservoir area increased gradually from northeast to southwest . The water vapor in the Three Gorges reservoir region comes mainly from the southwest water vapor transport, and the summer southwest wind and water vapor transport intensity is the largest. The water vapor over the Three Gorges reservoir area is mostly convergent, especially in the northwestern and southeastern parts of the reservoir area. The water vapor in the Three Gorges reservoir area mainly flows in from the south boundary and flows mainly out of the east boundary. The net water vapor flux of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area was positive for each month, showing a single peak change, reaching its maximum in July. In the recent 30 years, the net water vapor flux in the Three Gorges reservoir area has experienced a significant parabolic decadal change which firstly increased and then decreased, while the average water vapor flux in spring and winter decreased overall. However, the summer, autumn and annual average Net water vapor flux is increasing.