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为解决近年来在采用壳单元的重载机车车体结构强度分析中,牵引梁与中梁过渡区域焊接接头的理论分析结果与试验结果存在较大差异这一问题,提出将车体主体结构离散为壳单元,分别采用壳单元和实体单元离散牵引梁与中梁的过渡区域。基于机车的运用工况,确定车体在纵向压缩和拉伸载荷作用下的理论应力分布并与试验结果进行对比,研究壳单元和实体单元对典型焊接接头应力分布的影响,并对该区域的局部结构进行优化。分析结果表明:在典型焊接接头区域,实体单元比壳单元具有更高的计算精度,且与试验结果吻合度较高;采用实体单元能更准确地模拟存在较高应力集中效应的焊接接头的应力分布。
In order to solve the problem that the theoretical analysis result of the welded joint between the traction beam and the middle beam in the transitional region of the heavy-load locomotive has a great difference with the test results in recent years, the main body structure of the vehicle body is discretized As shell elements, shell elements and solid elements are respectively used to discrete the transition zone between the beam and the center beam. Based on the working conditions of locomotives, the theoretical stress distribution of the vehicle body under longitudinal compression and tensile load is determined and compared with the test results to study the influence of shell elements and solid elements on the stress distribution of typical welded joints. Local structure optimization. The analysis results show that in the typical welded joint area, the physical unit has higher calculation accuracy than the shell unit, and has good agreement with the experimental results. The physical unit can simulate the stress of the welded joint with higher stress concentration effect more accurately distributed.