黎族分布于海南省。人口约有120万。近25年来,海南医学院科研人员对黎族人群开展了以下研究:(1)地中海贫血的分子流行病学研究显示,黎族人群α-和β-地中海贫血的疾病基因携带率分别为50%和11.2%,且基因突变类型集中。(2)葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏症的分子缺陷的研究,发现了黎族人群该突变起源和进化及其与疟疾选择作用关系的分子依据。 Li ethnic distribution in Hainan Province. The population is about 1.2 million. In the past 25 years, Hainan Medical College researchers carried out the following studies on Li population: (1) The molecular epidemiological study of thalassemia shows that the prevalence of disease gene carriers of α- and β-thalassemia in Li people are 50% and 11.2% respectively %, And the type of gene mutation concentrated. (2) Studies on the molecular defects of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency found the molecular basis of the origin and evolution of the mutation and its relationship with malaria selection in Li people.