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一、“中国消费之谜” 现在比较普遍的看法是,我国居民的生活水平仍是温饱型的,正向小康过渡。这种看法的主要依据有两点: 一是恩格尔系数划分法。联合国粮农组织规定,恩格尔系数(居民食品消费支出占全部生活费支出的比重)以30%-40%为富裕,40%-50%为小康,50%-60%为勉强度日。根据我国家统计局的资料,我国城乡居民食品消费支出占全部生活费支出的比重,1990年城市居民为54.5%,农民为54.86%。按这种标准,我国城乡居民的生活水平都没有达到小康,仍属勉强度日,我们称为温饱型。
I. “The Mystery of Consumption in China” Now, a more common view is that the living standard of our residents is still a subsistence type and a transition to a moderately prosperous one. The main basis for this view are two points: First, Engel coefficient division method. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations stipulates that the Engel’s Coefficient (the proportion of household food expenditures to total living expenses) will be 30-40% of the well-off, 40-50% of well-being and 50-60% of the time. According to the statistics of China’s National Bureau of Statistics, the expenditure on food and clothing of urban and rural residents in China accounts for the proportion of total living expenses. In 1990, the urban residents were 54.5% and the farmers were 54.86%. According to this criterion, the living standards of urban and rural residents in our country have not reached a well-to-do level and are still living on their best. We call it subsistence.