目的:研究降低缺氧缺血性脑病发病率和减少中重度缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)患儿脑瘫,精神发育迟滞等后遗症的措施。方法:对羊水Ⅲ度粪染和新生儿窒息患儿发生HIE的情况进行比较分析。结果:两组在HIE的发病率临床表现、并发症、头颅B超所见以及预后等方面均无显著差异。结论:对于羊水Ⅲ度粪染而Apgar评分正常的新生儿应当予以积极的监护、及早发现脑损伤并给予积极治疗,在不能有效降低HIE发病率的情况下,降低后遗症发生率提高儿童的健康水平。 Objective: To study the measures to reduce the incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and reduce the sequelae such as cerebral palsy and mental retardation in children with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods: The incidence of HIE in Ⅲ degree meconium-stained amniotic fluid and neonatal asphyxia children were analyzed comparatively. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in the clinical manifestations of HIE, complication, B-ultrasound findings and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Neonates with normal Apgar score for amniotic fluid III fecal infection should be actively monitored, early detection of brain injury and active treatment should be performed to reduce the incidence of sequelae and improve the health of children without effectively reducing the incidence of HIE .