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(一)概述下丘脑是间脑最下部的一个对称性结构,其中含有多个具有分泌功能的神经核,向下伸展与垂体柄相连,是重要的内分泌系统中枢之一,也是神经内分泌的重要枢纽。它具有两个重要特性:①因为是间脑的一部分,具有神经细胞的性能,与中枢神经系统存在着神经纤维的广泛联系,是皮层下植物中枢、躯干活动中枢,又是内分泌系统与内外环境感受器之间的联络中枢。②细胞内有分泌颗粒,有分泌功能,能合成激素性物质,或受神经介质(如多巴胺和血清素)的调节。这些激素释放入血,发生生理效应,作用于腺垂
(A) Overview The hypothalamus is the most symmetrical structure of the middle of the diencephalon, which contains a number of neurons with secretory function, extending downward and connected with the pituitary stalk is one of the important endocrine system centers, but also neuroendocrine important hub. It has two important characteristics: ① because it is part of the brain, with the performance of nerve cells, and the central nervous system there is a wide range of nerve fibers, is the subtropical plant center, trunk activity center, but also the endocrine system and the internal and external environment Receptacle between the contact center. ② intracellular secreted particles, secretion, synthesis of hormonal substances, or by the nervous mediators (such as dopamine and serotonin) regulation. The release of these hormones into the blood, the physiological effects occur, the role of glandular drop