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一.序言和一般概念 1.1问题的提出 在应用物理和物理化学方面,弱光的量测逐渐占有重要的地位。愈来愈多的材料的物理性质和化学性质是间接或直接采用光学方法测定的。纯科学的发展、它在技术上的应用以及工业上的需要不断地推动着量测弱光的方法,要求它变得更加灵敏和稳定可靠。由于采用燐光体和闪烁晶体作为能量转换器的X射线定量量测和核子辐射的量测广泛地被使用,这一问题的重要性愈益增加。弱光量测方法的灵敏度数量级如果有相当大的增加,就可以在工业上安全地应用放射性同位素,而不致像目前那样被认为只是实验室的一种方法。
I. Prefaces and general concepts 1.1 Proposition of the problem In the field of applied physics and physical chemistry, the measurement of weak light gradually occupies an important position. More and more material physical and chemical properties are determined indirectly or directly using optical methods. The development of pure science, its technical application and industrial needs are constantly pushing the way to measure low light, which requires it to become more sensitive and stable. This issue is of increasing importance due to the widespread use of quantitative X-ray measurements and nuclear radiation measurements using cressers and scintillation crystals as energy converters. If there is a considerable increase in the sensitivity level of low light measurement methods, radioisotopes can be industrially safeguarded without being considered a laboratory method as it is currently.