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目的了解油田员工慢性病患病情况,主要调查石油企业一线员工慢性病患病率、共病模式及健康损失。方法 2015年11—12月,深入长庆油田采油作业区现场,采用面对面访谈和问卷方式调查1 964名一线员工患病和健康损失情况,健康损失用患病持续时间(年)、EQ-5D指数得分、健康自评得分和长期服药比例表示,危险因素分析拟合logistic模型。结果 1 964名调查对象中,至少患有1种慢性病的765例(39.0%),患有≥2种慢性病的303例(15.4%),患有≥3种慢性病的139例(7.1%);主要共病模式为高血压伴高血脂、高血压伴冠心病、骨质疏松伴高血脂、骨质疏松伴高血压、痛风伴高血压、糖尿病伴高血脂等;健康损失评价中慢性病患者EQ-5D指数得分和健康自评得分较低的主要有冠心病、痛风、肥胖症和风湿免疫疾病,24.4%的员工长期服药,其中48.7%为心血管药物;年龄、吸烟、饮酒、精神压力、睡眠质量等是慢性病发生的主要危险因素。结论近半数油田员工受高血压、骨质疏松等慢性病及其共病的困扰,加强一线员工疾病预防和改进工作模式,提高企业劳动力健康,应受到企业健康管理者的高度重视。
Objective To understand the prevalence of chronic diseases in oilfield employees and mainly investigate the prevalence of chronic diseases, comorbid conditions and health losses among front-line workers in oil enterprises. Methods From Nov. to Dec. 2015, on the scene of the oil recovery operation in Changqing Oilfield, face-to-face interviews and questionnaires were used to investigate the prevalence and health loss of 1 964 first-line workers. The health loss was estimated as EQ-5D Index scores, health self-rated scores and long-term medication ratios indicate that risk factors fit the logistic model. Results Of the 1 964 respondents, 765 (39.0%) had at least one chronic disease, 303 (≥2.4%) had ≥2 chronic diseases, and 139 (7.1%) had ≥3 chronic diseases. The main comorbidity patterns of hypertension with hyperlipidemia, hypertension with coronary heart disease, osteoporosis with hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis with hypertension, gout with hypertension, diabetes with hyperlipidemia; health loss assessment of chronic diseases in patients with EQ- 5D index scores and health self-assessment scores were lower mainly coronary heart disease, gout, obesity and rheumatoid immune diseases, 24.4% of staff long-term medication, of which 48.7% of cardiovascular drugs; age, smoking, drinking, stress, sleep Quality is the main risk factor for chronic diseases. Conclusions Nearly half of oilfield employees are plagued by chronic diseases such as hypertension and osteoporosis and their co-morbidities, strengthening the working mode of disease prevention and improvement for frontline employees and improving the workforce health of enterprises, which should be highly valued by enterprise health managers.