随着免疫抑制剂环孢素的问世,心肺联合移植(HLTX)已成为严重肺血管性疾病的有效治疗方法,并已成功地治疗晚期肺疾病及囊性纤维化性肺泡炎。最初用心肌活检监测HLTX 中的排异反应,但实验及临床研究证明,肺排异反应并不先于心脏。大多数移植中心不得不依靠肺排异反应的临床证据,如闭塞性细支气管炎,其发生率很高,可导致肺功能丧失,心肺移植后长期存活者中50%死亡。因此,结合无创伤性方法监测移植肺功能的同时,还需要可重复获取肺活检组织的方法。目前移植肺功能的生理学测定有较大的发展,此法既简便又可重复。经纤支镜进行的支气管活检(TBB),现用于诊断肺的弥漫性恶性病变和间质性肺病(如结节病).为了克服标本误差,需要多次活检,至少需4 With the advent of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine, cardiopulmonary transplantation (HLTX) has become an effective treatment for severe pulmonary vascular disease and has been successfully treated for advanced lung disease and cystic fibrosis alveolitis. Myocardial biopsy was initially used to monitor the rejection in HLTX, but experimental and clinical studies demonstrated that the lung rejection did not precede the heart. Most transplant centers have had to rely on clinical evidence of lung rejection, such as obliterative bronchiolitis, and their high incidence can lead to loss of lung function and 50% of long-term survivors after cardiopulmonary transplantation. Therefore, combined with a noninvasive method of monitoring lung graft function, there is a need for repeatable acquisition of lung biopsies. At present, there is a great development in the physiological measurement of lung function. The method is simple and repeatable. Bronchial biopsy (TBB) with fiberoptic bronchoscopy is now used to diagnose diffuse malignant and interstitial lung disease (such as sarcoidosis) in the lung.To overcome the error of the specimen, multiple biopsies are required, at least 4