追求教育的民主化与教育质量的提升,是二战以来世界各国基础教育改革与发展的两大主题,同时也是各国制定基础教育政策的基本原则之所在。经过约半个多世纪的持续努力,推进教育的民主与自由、保障“人人都有受教育的权利”①以及满足“人的基本学习需要”②的理念已经逐步地得以实现;而自20世 The pursuit of education democratization and the improvement of educational quality are the two major themes in the reform and development of basic education in various countries in the world since the Second World War. They are also the basic principles of the basic education policies of all countries. After more than half a century of continuous efforts to promote democracy and freedom in education and to guarantee the concept of “everyone has the right to education” and “satisfy the basic learning needs of people”, ② the concept has been gradually realized ; And since twentieth Century