从思维的本质属性看由精神到物质的基本准则季国清，樊树纯精神的外延十分广泛。思维仅是其一个子集，但却是一个研究最多．可以部分地由黑箱法进行形式模拟的一个子集。因此，研究由精神到物质应先从思维入手。本文以自然科学的公理化方法，先定义有关思维的基本概念，再... From the nature of thinking to see the basic guidelines from the spirit to the material Ji Guoqing, Fan Shichun spirit is very extensive. Thinking is only a subset of it, but it is one of the most studied. A subset of the formal simulations can be done in part by the black box method. Therefore, research from the spirit to the material should start with thinking. In this paper, the axiomatic method of natural science, first define the basic concepts of thinking, and then ...