目的:了解我国精神科护士的患者安全文化（PSC）认知现状，为护理管理者制订有效的护理措施以提高精神科护理服务质量提供参考。方法:采用便利抽样法，于2019年9月选取我国7个地区的2 624名精神科护士为研究对象。调查问卷采用自行设计的一般资料问卷及医院患者安全文化调查问卷（HSOPSC）。对精神科护士“不良事件报告频率”及“对患者安全的总体感觉”的影响因素进行多重线性回归分析。结果:共回收问卷2 624份。HSOPSC各维度的积极应答率为43.33%～83.31%。多重线性回归分析结果显示，人员配置、对错误的非惩罚性反应、对错误的反馈与沟通、交接班与转科是不良事件报告频率的影响因素（n P<0.05），共同解释总变异的15.8%；人员配置、组织学习与持续改进、对错误的非惩罚性反应、管理者促进安全的期望与行动、对错误的反馈与沟通、对患者安全的管理支持和交接班与转科是对患者安全的总体感觉的影响因素（n P<0.05），共同解释总变异的41.2%。n 结论:精神科护士的PSC认知水平有待提高，建议护理管理者针对精神科护士的人员配置、对错误的非惩罚性反应、不良事件报告频率3个领域进行干预，提高精神科护士对PSC识别水平，从而提升精神科护理服务质量。“,”Objective:To understand the current status of patient safety culture (PSC) of nurses in psychiatric department in China and to provide references for nursing managers to formulate effective nursing measures to improve the quality of psychiatric nursing services.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 2 624 nurses in psychiatric department from 7 regions of China were selected as the research objects in September 2019. The Self-designed General Information Questionnaire and Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) were used for the survey. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on the influencing factors of “adverse event reporting frequency” and “general perception of patient safety” of nurses in psychiatric department.Results:A total of 2 624 questionnaires were returned. The positive response rate of all dimensions of HSOPSC was from 43.33% to 83.31%. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that personnel allocation, non-punitive response to errors, feedback and communication to errors, shift and department transfer were the influencing factors of adverse event reporting frequency (n P<0.05) , together explaining 15.8% of the total variation. Personnel allocation, organizational learning and continuous improvement, non-punitive responses to errors, managers' expectations and actions to promote safety, feedback and communication on errors, management support for patient safety and shifts and department transfers were influencing factors for patient safety culture (n P<0.05) , together explaining 41.2% of the total variation.n Conclusions:The cognitive level of psychiatric nurses on PSC needs to be improved. It is recommended that nursing managers intervene in three areas of personnel allocation of psychiatric nurses, non-punitive reactions to errors and frequency of adverse event reports, so as to improve psychiatric nurses' recognition of PSC, thereby improving the quality of psychiatric nursing services.