目的　观察白细胞介素 - 1α(interleukin- 1α,IL - 1α)诱导 SD大鼠玻璃体视网膜新生血管形成以及对血管内皮细胞生长因子 (vascular endothelium growth factor,VEGF)表达的影响。　方法　 8只 SD大鼠 ,左眼为实验处理组 ,玻璃体内各注射 IL- 1α2 .0 ng,右眼为对照组 ,同样方法玻璃体内注射等量磷酸盐缓冲液 (phosphate buffer solution,PBS)。术后每天用直接检眼镜观察眼底 ,第 7d摘取眼球 ,眼后段作常规病理切片 ,采用免疫组织化学方法检测 VEGF的表达情况。　结果　实验处理组视网膜前有大量新生血管和增生膜形成 ,在视网膜神经节细胞层、新生血管管壁及视网膜前增生膜中有 VEGF的阳性表达 ,而对照组则无新生血管形成 ,仅在感光细胞外节段层有 VEGF的弱表达。　结论　 IL - 1α能促进 SD大鼠玻璃体视网膜新生血管形成和 VEGF表达升高 Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin - 1α (IL - 1α) on the formation of vitreoretinal cells and the expression of vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) in SD rats. Methods Eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. IL-1α2.0 ng was injected intravitreally and the right eye was used as the control group. The same procedure was followed by intravitreal injection of phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The fundus was observed with direct ophthalmoscope every day after operation. The eyeballs were taken out on the 7th day and the routine pathological sections were taken in the posterior segment of the eye. The expression of VEGF was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The experimental group had a large number of neovascularization and proliferative membrane formation in front of the retina with positive expression of VEGF in the retinal ganglion cell layer, neovascular wall and pre-retinal proliferative membrane, while the control group had no neovascularization. The extracellular layer of VEGF has a weak expression. Conclusion IL - 1α can promote vitreoretinal neovascularization and VEGF expression in SD rats