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从近几年的高考试题和模拟题中可以看出,电场是频繁出现的考点.电场的考查主要集中在两方面:一是从力的角度来描述电场,涉及电场强度、电场线、电场力;二是从能量的角度描述电场,涉及到电势、电势差、等势面、电场力做功、电势能等.现对电荷周围的电场常见考点进行归纳,并结合典型试题进行分析.一、一个点电荷周围的电场1.一个点电荷周围——平面图形中的几个点例1真空中有一带负电的电荷绕
From the college entrance examination papers and simulation questions in recent years, it can be seen that the electric field is a frequent test site.The examination of the electric field mainly focuses on two aspects: First, the electric field is described from the perspective of force, involving electric field strength, electric field lines, electric field force ; Second is to describe the electric field from the energy point of view, related to the potential, potential difference, equipotential surface, the electric field force work, potential energy, etc. Now common charge points around the electric field are summarized and combined with typical test questions for analysis. Electric field around the charge 1. Around a point charge - Several points in the plane pattern Example 1 There is a negative charge in the vacuum around