前言 黄河是世界闻名的多沙河流,在其开发、利用方面,与一般清水河流相比,都具有明显的特点和规律。 通过对黄河上游大峡等水电站的设计研究和对已建刘家峡、盐锅峡、八盘峡、青铜峡水电站及其所在电力系统的分析研究,在系统容显平衡、装机容量组成方面,初步获得了有益地启示和初步的规律。 在多沙河流上的水电站,为了保持有效库容、减少回水淹没或冲除沙坎的阻水作用,在多沙期采取降低水位防沙运行是必需的,并经实践证明是行之有效的。 但是,目前在多沙河流水电比重较大、且夏季负荷降低又较小的电力系统中,由于电力系统缺少相应容量的储备,要想保证其正常运行,就只能让水库保持高水位运行,任其淤积;要想降低水位排沙,就只能导致电力系统降低备用、调整负荷或拉闸限电等不同程度的损失,两者很难兼顾。 Preface The Yellow River is the world-famous Dousha River. In terms of its development and utilization, the Yellow River has obvious characteristics and regularities compared with the general Qingshui River. Through the research on the design and construction of the Daxia Hydropower Station in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the analysis and research on the existing Liujiaxia, Yanghuoxia, Bapanxia, ​​Qingtongxia hydropower stations and their power systems, Beneficial enlightenment and preliminary rules. In the Dousha River hydropower station, in order to maintain an effective capacity to reduce backwater flooding or flushing sand water blocking effect, in the sand stage to reduce the water level sand control operation is necessary and has proven to be effective . However, at present, in the power system where the proportion of hydropower in the Dousha River is large and the load in summer is relatively small, due to the lack of reserves in the power system, in order to ensure its normal operation, the reservoir can only be kept at a high water level, Let it silt; if we want to reduce the sediment discharge at the water level, it will only result in different degrees of losses such as power reserve reduction, load regulation or power rationing, which are difficult to balance between the two.