论文部分内容阅读
哈贝马斯的商议民主理论被一些人看做是乌托邦的构想。但是,这种理想的建构包含了对于民主的本质的新理解:民主就是要探索正义制度,而不是进行权力的更迭。哈贝马斯在讨论商议民主的时候确实进行了理想的建构,但是,这种理想建构是方法论意义上的,其目的是要找出那些妨碍商议民主的要素。一旦这些要素找到之后,他就试图借助于一定的程序来克服这些要素,这种程序包含了制度化的商谈和非制度化的商谈。制度化的商谈是要把所有相关人平等商谈的原则加以制度化。公共领域中的商谈是非制度化的商谈。只有当公共领域具有中立性的时候,它才能过滤掉那些妨碍商议民主的要素。
Habermas’s deliberative democracy theory is seen by some as a utopian conception. However, this ideal construction contains a new understanding of the essence of democracy: democracy means exploring the system of justice rather than changing power. Habermas did make an ideal construct when discussing deliberative democracy, but this ideological construct was methodological in the sense that it sought to identify the elements that impeded deliberative democracy. Once these elements are found, he attempts to overcome these elements by means of a process that includes both institutionalized and non-institutionalized discussions. The institutionalized negotiation is to institutionalize the principle of equal negotiation among all the people involved. Negotiations in the public domain are non-institutional talks. Only when the public sphere is neutral can it filter out the elements that impede deliberative democracy.