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经济市场化和全球化引发了中国劳动关系的剧变。在过去的计划经济中,劳动者、雇主和国家的利益通过行政手段得以平衡,而此种方式的保障是政府强有力的控制。随着中国加入世界市场,行政干预的效果难免受到限制。个体经济的蓬勃发展以及随之而来的人民对生活水平的要求提高,劳动关系变得复杂且劳动争议数量增多。问题之一就有集体合同引发的争议。集体合同制度作为西方工人运动的重要成果,是工人们巧妙利用联合斗争形式有效维护自身权益的方式。我国自20世纪90年代中期开始建立集体协商制度,经过十多年探索,取得了很大进展。但我国现行集体合同制度仍有改进的空间,笔者试图从主体、内容和履行三个方面评析中国的集体合同制度。
Market-oriented economy and globalization have triggered drastic changes in China’s labor relations. In the past planned economy, the interests of laborers, employers and the state were balanced by administrative means, and the guarantee of such a method was the government’s strong control. As China joins the world market, the effect of administrative intervention will inevitably be limited. The booming of individual economies and consequent rise of people’s demand for living standards have complicated labor relations and an increase in the number of labor disputes. One of the problems is the controversy triggered by the collective contract. As an important achievement of the western workers’ movement, the collective contract system is a way for workers to skillfully use the form of joint struggle to effectively safeguard their own rights and interests. Since the beginning of the establishment of a collective bargaining system in the mid-1990s in our country, great progress has been made after more than 10 years of exploration. However, there is still room for improvement in the current system of collective contract in our country. The author attempts to appraise China’s system of collective contract from three aspects: subject, content and fulfillment.