公元七世纪初,吐蕃兴起于今青藏高原。唐朝贞观初年,吐蕃著名赞普松赞干布统一苏毗、羊同后,定都逻些(今拉萨),建官制,立军制,定法律,使吐蕃迅速强盛起来。之后,吐蕃一方面向东发展,与唐朝发生密切联系;另一方面往西,与泥婆罗、天竺、勃律、迦湿弥罗、吐火罗等南亚和中亚诸国接触,进行政治、经济、文化的交流,甚至一度攻占过上述诸国的一些地方。吐蕃与唐朝的交往,已有诸多著作论及;而吐蕃与南亚、中亚诸国的关系史,尚无专文论述。笔者试结合各种资料,对此作一略述,以请教于专家学者。 考虑到时间的顺序和地域划分,笔者拟分南亚、克什米尔和中亚三大区域进行论述。 At the beginning of the seventh century AD Tubo rose in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau today. In the early Tang Dynasty, in the early years of the Tang Dynasty, the famous Tibetan Prajisan Songtsan Gandha unified the Soviet Union and the Sheep. After all, the capital was established (now Lhasa) with the establishment of the official system, the establishment of the military system and the law so that Tubo would flourish rapidly. Afterward, Tubo developed eastward on the one hand and was closely linked with the Tang Dynasty on the other hand; on the other hand, the west came into contact with countries in South Asia and Central Asia, such as Mudra, Tianzhu, Bo’er, Jamagaro and Tochallan, Economic and cultural exchanges and even once captured some of the above-mentioned countries. Many exchanges have been made between the Tubo government and the Tang Dynasty. There are no monographs on the history of relations between Tubo and South Asia and Central Asian countries. I try to combine a variety of information, a summary of this, to consult experts and scholars. Taking into account the order of time and geographical division, the author plans to sub-South Asia, Kashmir and Central Asia three major areas for discussion.