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应用同步辐射小角Ｘ射线散射方法测试了不同制备条件下二氧化硅干凝胶的孔隙结构，发现了散射曲线对Ｐｏｒｏｄ定理和Ｄｅｂｙｅ散射理论的遵守与偏离（正偏离和负偏离）的各种情况．在遵守Ｐｏｒｏｄ定理和Ｄｅｂｙｅ散射理论的情况下，Ｐｏｒｏｄ方法和Ｄｅｂｙｅ方法所得的比表面比较接近．在偏离Ｐｏｒｏｄ定理和Ｄｅｂｙｅ散射理论的情况下，提出了相应的比表面计算方法，所得结果同样取得了较好的一致性．
The pore structure of silica xerogels under different preparation conditions was tested by synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering method and various cases of compliance and deviations (positive and negative deviations) of scattering curves to Porod’s theorem and Debye scattering theory were found . The Porod method and the Debye method have a closer specific surface than the Porod’s theorem and Debye’s scattering theory. In the case of deviating from Porod’s theorem and Debye’s scattering theory, a corresponding method for calculating specific surface area is proposed, and the obtained results are also in good agreement.