本文主要对从1919年“新文化”运动前后到1937年日本侵华战争全面开始这段时间中国的文学翻译活动进行“描写”。中国翻译文学的历史发端于“五四”时期,随着“五四”新文化运动的兴起,翻译文学大为兴盛,给新文学运动以极大的影响和推动。翻译文学在这一时期队伍宏大、范围广泛、翻译语言与风格等独具特色。文章综述了这一时期从各国翻译到中国的主要文学作品,并分析了翻译文学对中国现代文学的发展带来的影响。本文利用佐哈尔的“多元体系理论”分析,认为“五四”时期的翻译文学在中国的文学系统中占有“主导”地位,对中国的现代文学具有一定的催生作用。“五四”时期虽然出现了翻译与创作共同存在的局面,但总体上来说,翻译文学是占有主导地位的,而且创作也在很大程度上是一种“拟作”。 This article mainly carries out “Description” of Chinese literary translation activities from 1919 to “New Culture Movement” to 1937 when the Japanese invasion of China was in full swing. The history of Chinese translation literature started in the period of May 4th Movement. With the rise of the New Culture Movement of May Fourth Movement, the translation literature greatly thrived and greatly influenced and promoted the New Literature Movement. The translation literature has a huge team, a wide range of languages, and unique style of translation in this period. The article summarizes the major literary works translated from China to China during this period and analyzes the influence of translation literature on the development of Chinese modern literature. Based on Zohar’s “Theory of Pluralistic System”, this paper argues that translation literature in the May Fourth Movement occupies a dominant position in the Chinese literary system and has a certain catalytic effect on Chinese modern literature . Although the emergence of the co-existence of translation and creation during the May 4th Movement, translation literature generally occupies the leading position, and the creation is also a kind of “fictional creation” to a large extent.