在临床实践中对感染性疾病的治疗,要把抗菌素的正确选择与恰当的用药方法以及病情的变化、药物的剂型、患者的所在(住院或门诊)等一并进行考虑。一、致病菌尚未明确时的药物选择通常在未找出致病菌前,为了防止病情恶化和有效地进行早期治疗,也要开始进行化学疗法。呼吸道感染症,特别是上呼吸道感染,大部分是病毒引起的,如为细菌,首先是链球菌,其次是葡萄球菌。如有金黄色葡萄球菌的可能时,要选择先锋霉素Ⅳ。下呼吸道感染主要细菌是肺炎球菌、流感杆菌,要选择羟氨苄青霉素、氯苯青霉素。肺炎、胸膜炎也有由金黄色葡萄球菌引起的,可用青霉素。对有耐药性的葡萄球菌用氨苄青霉素。对体质较差,有呼 The treatment of infectious diseases in clinical practice requires that the correct choice of antibiotics be considered in conjunction with appropriate medication and changes in the condition, dosage form of the drug, where the patient is (hospitalization or outpatient), and so on. First, the pathogen is not yet clear when the drug is usually not found in the choice of pathogens, in order to prevent deterioration of the condition and effective early treatment, but also to begin chemotherapy. Respiratory tract infections, especially upper respiratory tract infections, are mostly caused by viruses, such as bacteria, primarily streptococci, followed by staphylococci. If possible Staphylococcus aureus, to choose cephalosporins Ⅳ. Lower respiratory tract infection is the main bacteria pneumococcus, influenza bacilli, to choose amoxicillin, clofenillin. Pneumonia, pleurisy also caused by Staphylococcus aureus, available penicillin. For resistant staphylococci ampicillin. On the poor constitution, there is call