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目的:通过比较吸食新型合成毒品与传统毒品强制隔离戒毒人员一般情况的异同,从而提出对吸食新型合成毒品的强制隔离戒毒人员的预防教育对策建议。方法:对2008年1月1日-2015年12月31日收治的3993名强制隔离戒毒人员,按照吸食毒品的种类分为吸食新型合成毒品与传统毒品强制隔离戒毒人员,在年龄、受教育程度、户籍所在地、民族、职业、婚姻、吸毒方式及吸毒史等方面进行两组对照比较。结果:吸食新型合成毒品在强戒人员所占的比例分别为:2008年占29.0%,2009年占24.0%,2010年占36.0%,2011年占47.0%,2012年占46.0%,2013年占62.0%,2014年占66.0%,2015年占84.0%。可以看出百分比例总体呈上升的趋势,尤其是近四年;在年龄组成与职业构成上,吸食新型合成毒品与传统毒品强制隔离戒毒人员有统计学的显著差异(χ2=143.38,181.94,P=0.000),两者在20岁以下,21-30岁及41-50岁之间年龄段有显著差异(χ2=21.15,133.14,17.92,P=0.000);总体两者均为40岁以下人员为主体(吸食新型合成毒品与传统毒品的比例分别为72.7%,64.5%)。职业上虽然两者均以无业者为最多(吸食新型合成毒品与传统毒品的所占比例分别为57.9%、77.2%),但在个体工商者、固定工作者、农民等有固定收入上差距显著(χ2=57.26,13.07,126.48,P=0.000),说明吸食新型毒品的人员以有固定职业者居多;户籍所在地方面:吸食新型合成毒品人员中外地人口多(χ2=45.311,P=0.000);文化程度上两者有统计学的差异(χ2=95.84,P=0.000),吸食新型合成毒品人员的文化程度较高;在吸毒方式及吸毒史上两者之间有明显差异(χ2=743.93,244.25,P=0.000),两组强戒人员吸毒均以烫吸为主(99.0%,69.1%),但是新型合成毒品极少数使用注射的方式;吸食新型合成毒品强戒人员吸毒时间比传统毒品要短,吸毒史以三年以下为主。结论:吸食新型合成毒品强戒人员成不断上升的趋势,呈现年龄、文化程度、职业,吸毒方式及吸毒史等不同于传统毒品的特点,要从早期预防教育,矫治性强戒,社区综合管理中加大力度,杜绝毒品的蔓延。
OBJECTIVE: To compare the similarities and differences in the general situation of compulsory isolation and treatment of drug addicts between new synthetic drugs and traditional drugs, and to put forward the preventive education countermeasures for compulsory isolated drug addicts taking new synthetic drugs. Methods: From January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2015, 3,993 compulsory isolated drug addicts were divided into compulsory drug addicts and drug addicts who took new synthetic drugs and traditional drugs according to the types of drug abusers. Their ages, education level , Where the household registration, ethnic, professional, marriage, drug use and drug abuse history comparison of the two groups. Results: The proportions of the new synthetic drugs to be abstainers were 29.0% in 2008, 24.0% in 2009, 36.0% in 2010, 47.0% in 2011 and 46.0% in 2012, with a 62.0%, 66.0% in 2014 and 84.0% in 2015. It can be seen that the percentage of cases shows an overall upward trend, especially in the past four years. There was a statistically significant difference in age composition and occupational composition among those who took new synthetic drugs and traditional drugs for forced isolation and detoxification (χ2 = 143.38, 181.94, P = 0.000). There were significant differences between the two groups in age of 20, 21-30 and 41-50 years old (χ2 = 21.15, 133.14, 17.92, P = 0.000) As the main body (intake of new synthetic drugs and traditional drugs were 72.7%, 64.5%). Although both occupations occupy the largest number of unemployed persons (taking up 57.9% and 77.2% respectively of the new synthetic and traditional drugs), there is a notable difference in the fixed income of individual industrial and commercial workers, fixed workers and farmers (χ2 = 57.26,13.07,126.48, P = 0.000), indicating that the number of new drug abusers is the largest among those who have fixed occupations. Where their permanent residence is: the population of new drug addicts is much larger than that of the non-residents (χ2 = 45.311, P = 0.000) There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in education (χ2 = 95.84, P = 0.000), and a higher level of education among those who took new synthetic drugs; there was a significant difference in drug abuse history and drug abuse history (χ2 = 743.93, , P = 0.000). The two groups of drug abusers were mainly hot toxin (99.0%, 69.1%), but very few new type of synthetic drugs were used for injection. Ingestion of new synthetic drugs led them to take drugs longer than traditional drugs Short, history of drug abuse to three years. CONCLUSIONS: Ingesting a new type of synthetic drug is a powerful anti-smoking member with a rising trend, showing characteristics of age, educational level, occupation, drug abuse and drug abuse history that are different from traditional drugs. From the perspective of early preventive education, strong corrective treatment and integrated community management China will step up efforts to stop the spread of drugs.