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西汉人笔下有关商君的“开塞”一词,或指“商君之术”,或指《开塞篇》。《开塞篇》中的“开塞”意指开辟新的“兴王之道”;“上世、中世、下世”分别对应于西周、春秋至战国中期、战国晚期三个历史阶段,反映了商鞅学派的历史观和建立君主集权的官僚制帝国的政治目标。《开塞篇》一般认为非商鞅手著,但所谓商鞅本人的刑赏观与《商君书》中刑赏观的矛盾还不足以支持这个观点。
Western Han people on the business of the “Kai Cypriot”, or “business of the technique,” or “Kai Cypriot chapter.” “Kai Cypriot” in the “Kai Cypriot” means to open up a new “king of Xing”; “last century, the Middle Ages, next world” correspond to the Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn Period to the mid-Warring States Period and the late Warring States period of three historical stages, reflecting Shang Yang The school of history and the political goal of establishing a bureaucratic empire in which the monarchy is centralized. “Kai-kai chapter” generally considered non-Shang Yang hand, but the so-called Shang Yang’s concept of reward and reward and the “Shang-jun book” in the concept of reward and punishment is not enough to support this view.