论文部分内容阅读
词的多义现象和同音现象是各种语言中都有的,这是词汇系统中不同音义关系的反映。一个语音形式表示了几个有派生转化关系的意义,那是一词多义;语音形式完全相同而意义之间没有如同中心义和转义那样的关系,那是一组同音异义词。如普通话里指专家学者的“大方”,指一种绿茶的“大方”,指不吝啬、不俗气或不拘束的“大方”。根据音义之间的各种关系,通常把语言里的词划分为同义词、反义词、多义词、同音词等不同的类别,使之构成一个词汇系统。词语的这种词汇学分类,与记录语言的书面符号——文字原本无关。各种语言的词汇学专著以及有关的教科书,在论述这类词汇现象时通常都不涉及文字。但是,在汉语词汇学里,汉字对这些词汇现象的分类却有密切的关系,有时甚至起着决定性的作用,我们似乎不应该完全撇开这个问题不谈。
Polysemy of words and homophones are found in various languages, which is a reflection of the different semantic relationships among lexical systems. A phonetic form indicates the meaning of several derivative transformations, which are polysemy; the phonetic forms are exactly the same and there is no relationship between meanings and meanings as a set of homonyms. Such as Mandarin, referring to the “generous” experts and scholars, refers to a green tea “generous” refers to not stingy, cheesy or unconstrained “generous.” According to the various relations between the semantic meanings, the words in the language are usually divided into different categories such as synonyms, antonyms, polysemy, homophones, etc. to make up a vocabulary system. This lexical classification of words has nothing to do with the written symbol of the recorded language - the text itself. Lexicology monographs in various languages, as well as related textbooks, usually do not deal with words when discussing such lexical phenomena. However, in Chinese lexics, Chinese characters are closely related to the classification of these lexical phenomena and sometimes play a decisive part. We should not seem to completely dismiss the issue.