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在19世纪末期,法国大众戏剧的乌托邦主义者们开始展开理论实践行动。本文将通过三位开拓先锋的理念与实践,进一步认识大众戏剧乌托邦的萌芽与发展历程:莫里斯·波特谢尔的比桑人民剧院、欧仁·莫海勒的《大众戏剧方案》,以及罗曼·罗兰的《人民戏剧》与构想,由此展开大众戏剧理念中关于“人民”定义的两种内涵;以及后继者的实践历程,如费尔曼·吉米耶的“国家巡回剧院”与国立大众剧院的成立,雅克·科波的“老鸽巢剧院”与最初的戏剧外省化探索。
At the end of the 19th century, the utopians in the French mass theater started to carry out theoretical practice. This article will further understand the germination and development of the popular theater Utopia through three pioneering ideas and practices: the Theater of the Bissan People’s Theater in Morris Portscheer, the Theater of the Public Project by Eugene Mohler, and Roman Roland’s “people’s theater” and its conception, thus launching the two connotations of the definition of “people ” in the concept of popular drama; and the successor’s practical history, such as the “National Theater of the People” by Ferman Jimmy, “With the establishment of the National Public Theater, Jacques Cope ’s” Old Pigeon Theater "and the first exploration of the drama outside.