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The Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace adopted by the United Nations is a unifying piece of legislation, holistically incorporating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the UN’s founding principles into a cohesive vision, and taking them one step further. A Culture of Peace is something for which all humankind yearns, yet which has remained an elusive and sparsely realized reality for much of human history. A Culture of Peace is universal; it traverses and includes all races, genders, sexes, nationalities, ethnicities, religions and classes. The reason for this is its fundamental focus on self-transformation as the surest route to fulfilment. Self-transformation is a prominent aspect of all creative endeavours. I use the word creative, not to inspire thoughts of archetypal painters and writers labouring with the love of their talent, but as a diametric opposite of the word destructive. A Culture of Peace is an effort to create; to do this we must necessarily transform our destructive, at times self-destructive, tendencies and manifest that unique aspect of our inner-selves that makes us human.
We live in an age when the majority of humans on this planet are governed by two organizing principles: capitalism and democracy. Capitalism is based on our creative tendencies, ambition, enrichment, invention, but can also bring out greed, overt materialism and bellicosity. Democracy is based on our moral tendencies, the belief that we all deserve equal protection before the law, irrespective of our position within the capitalist rat race, that as constituents of a given society we deserve a say in how our society is governed. However, it is important to dig deeper into this question of democracy. Another way of distinguishing between capitalism and democracy is that the former sees the individual as the most significant unit in human organisation, whereas the latter inspires a commitment towards the other. Our world is too small in the twenty-first century to be so divided. We need to recognize, as individuals, families, communities, and nations, that an injury to one is an injury to all and conversely that our individual prosperity is intricately linked with that of others’.
This is what the Culture of Peace means to me; a fuller recognition between nations that we must care for each other, in this evermore interdependent world. The Culture of Peace is more than a piece of legislation. It is “a set of values, attitudes, traditions and modes of behaviour and ways of life”. We need to overcome the juridical technocratic obsession that pervades our rationally-based modern society to reengage with the deeper meaning of a rule of law: justice, in all its multifaceted and constantly adapting forms. The Culture of Peace must serve as the guiding principle for all who earnestly seek to create peace in their lives and communities; it is a clarion call to action. 联合国通过的《和平文化宣言与行动纲领》是一份统一的法律性文件，将人权宣言与联合国的宗旨融入到一个整体视野中，并且进一步进行了延伸。虽然人类一直渴求和平文化，但是人类历史的大部分时间都是虚幻的，转瞬即逝的片段而已。和平文化是普世性的：它跨越并包涵不同种族、性别、国别、种族、宗教和阶级。其原因在于和平文化的根本核心在于将自我转变作为自我实现的最可靠途径。自我转变是所有创造性行为的最为显著的特征。我使用“创造性”这个词语，不是让大家联想到那些依靠自己所钟爱的天赋工作的原型画家和作家，而是作为“破坏性”这个词语的反义词。和平文化是一项创造性的努力，为实现它，我们必须改变我们的破坏性，有时是自我毁灭的倾向，并且展示我们内心使我们之所以成为人的独特一面。
在我们生活的这个时代，绝大多数人都被两条原则所支配：资本主义和民主。资本主义的基础是我们创造性的倾向、抱负、自我充实、创新，但是也会展示我们的贪婪，明目张胆的拜金主义和好战的一面。民主构建于我们的道德倾向之上，认为我们都应得到法律的平等保护，不论我们在资本主义你争我夺的竞争中的地位如何，我们作为社会的一员，都有关于如何治理这个社会的发言权。另一个区分资本主义与民主的方法是，资本主义认为个体是人类组织中最为重要的单元，然而后者则激励对他人承担义务。21世纪的世界小得难以分割，我们应该认识到，作为个体、家庭、社区和国家，对一个成员的伤害即是对所有人的伤害，相反，个体的福祉与他人的福祉都是密不可分的。
这就是和平文化对于我的意义，让我更加认识到国家之间必须互相关心，尤其是在这个越来越紧密相连的世界。和平文化不仅仅是一份法律文件，它还是“一套价值观、态度、传统、行为准则和生活方式。”我们应该克服充斥我们这个以理性为基础的现代社会的对法律专家的依赖，重新认识法治的深层次含义：包涵多方面并且形式不断变化的正义。和平文化必须作为所有希望在他们的生活和社区中积极构建和平的人的指导原则，它吹响了行动的号角。
Written by Yoko Kumano
The Culture of Peace enables people to recognize peace as a normative model that they must follow. As the Seville Statement on Violence indicates, the world has cultivated the culture of violence and war. It is time to change this evil culture to the Culture of Peace. In order to develop the Culture of Peace, there are three important elements that the world needs to work on: education, empowerment of women, and cooperation of nations.
Education plays a leading role to promote the Culture of Peace because it significantly affects people’s mindset. Peace education, which emphasizes the importance of nonviolence and cooperation with others, is necessary to cultivate the Culture of Peace. Wrong education that glorifies war and inculcates prejudice into people must be eradicated. Peace education needs to be applied in all communities because it enables people to understand the importance of the Culture of Peace and obtain skills and knowledge to create peace.
In addition to peace education, empowerment of women is essential for the Culture of Peace. The status of women is still very low, particularly in developing countries. Although they have great potential to contribute to their communities, they are not able to utilize their talent because of lack of opportunities and understanding for women. Societies must provide women with enough opportunities to encourage them to make a change in their lives. Besides that, all countries must strive to eradicate causes of suffering of women such as poverty, conflicts, violence, and sexual abuse. It is necessary for the world to protect and empower women in order to develop the Culture of Peace. Cooperation between nations is also a key element in promoting the Culture of Peace. People often consider that peace is the absence of war. Although the absence of war is indispensable for maintaining peace, it is not enough. As the UNESCO Director-General mentions, peace means that people not only reject war but also respect their diversity and rights. Therefore, creating peace requires all nations to work together for building up mutual understanding and appreciation for human rights as well as eradicating war. In order to cooperate with each other, all countries need to have a sense of solidarity, which allows them to consider the world as one. With a sense of solidarity, they can unite and promote the Culture of Peace.
In conclusion, the Culture of Peace must be cultivated for the sake of all people. Education, empowerment of women, and cooperation of countries are especially important to promote the Culture of Peace. Former Secretary-General of the United Nations and Nobel Peace laureate Kofi Annan said, “It is not enough to engage in peace-building efforts after societies have been ravaged by conflicts. It is not enough to conduct preventive diplomacy. All of this is essential work, but we want enduring results. We need, in short, a culture of peace.” Construction of the culture of peace is human’s mission.
和平文化使人意识到和平是一个人们必须遵循的标准化的规范。《塞维利亚反暴力宣言》提到，世界滋生了暴力和战争文化。现在，改变这一邪恶文化为和平文化的时机已经到了。为了构建和平文化，全世界必须要做好三个方面的工作：教育、女性赋权和国家合作。
教育对于倡导和平文化起主导作用，因为它能够对人们的心态产生重大的影响。和平教育强调非暴力与人与人合作的重要性，对于发展和平文化是很必要的。美化战争或向人们灌输偏见是错误的教育必须加以制止。所有的社区都应进行和平教育，因为它能够让人认识到和平文化的重要性，并使人获得构建和平的技能和知识。
除和平教育之外，女性赋权对和平文化也是很重要的。目前女性的地位仍旧十分低下，尤其是在发展中国家。虽然她们有很大的潜力能够对社区做出贡献，由于缺乏机遇和对她们的了解，她们无法充分发挥其聪明才智。社会必须为女性提供充分的机遇，激励她们在生活中有做所为。除此之外，所有的国家必须消除导致女性苦难的根源，比如贫穷、冲突、暴力和性侵犯。世界必须保护女性并对女性赋权，从而更好地发展和平文化。
国家合作是倡导和平文化的另一个关键。我们时常认为和平就是没有战争。虽然没有战争对于维系和平是必不可少的，但还不够。正如联合国教科文组织总干事所说，和平意味着人们不仅排斥战争，还应尊重彼此的多样性和权利。因此，构建和平要求所有的国家携起手来，相互理解并尊重人权，最终消灭战争。为了促进合作，所有的国家应该有一种团结精神，认识到世界是一个整体。这种团结精神能够团结所有国家，从而更好地倡导和平文化。
总而言之，为了人类的发展必须倡导和平文化。而教育、女性赋权和国家合作对于倡导和平文化尤为重要。联合国前秘书长，诺贝尔和平获得者——科菲·安南认为，“国家在遭受冲突之后，仅仅靠参与和平构建是不够的，仅仅靠预防性的外交策略也是不够的。这些都非常必要，但是我们希望看到持久的效果。简而言之，我们需要和平文化。”构建和平文化是人类的使命。
Written by Yukio Ichinose
The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace in 1999. In the Programme of Action, promotion of education is the first step to foster the culture of peace. To me, the culture of peace means a set of respectful actions towards one another, an understanding of the differences between people, and constantly learning from them through mutual respect. Through taking a class on the Culture of Peace by Ambassador Anwarul Chowdhury, I learned that everyone has something to contribute and that therefore every woman and man should engage in respectful dialogue. However, in educational fields, violence, such as bullying, against children has been a serious problem in societies all over the world. I believe that bullying interferes with the process of promoting the culture of peace because it takes the joy out of a child’s participation in school-life. In most cases, children bully other classmates because they are different from a conceived majority due to a disability or uniqueness. When I was in junior high school, there was a group of people who bullied my classmates. Because my junior high school offered a special class for deaf students, there were some students who had a hearing impairment. The bullies constantly teased one of my deaf friends behind his back, knowing that he had no way to understand what they were saying without looking at their mouths. Even though he used to come to class often, he stopped because all he received was disrespectful treatment because of his disability. I was also targeted by those bullies. One day, my friends suddenly started treating me differently. They stopped talking to me, and one of my friends threw me a crumpled paper ball at me during class. At that time, every day was dreadful for me. I always felt scared to go into a classroom. Sometimes, I wandered around the streets wishing someone would run over me; I had lost the desire to live.
My horrible life changed when I entered high school in Japan, where bullying was forbidden as a school principle. The founder of the high school always placed importance on open dialogues with other students based on the idea of respect for uniqueness. My classmates behaved openly and respectfully towards each other’s differences. At first, I could not believe that it would be possible to be in a school without worrying about bullying because bullying happened on a daily basis in my junior high. However, through the education in my high school, I came to believe that bullying at school is the worst way to take away children’s desire to learn; therefore, it has to be exterminated from schools. As I understand what it is like to be bullied by others from the depth of my heart based on my past experience, I want to contribute to creating a society where no one is discriminated or bullied against because of their differences, vulnerability, unique characteristics, or social status.
联合国大会在1999年通过了《和平文化宣言与行动纲领》。该行动纲领中提到，倡导教育是推动和平文化的第一步。于我而言，和平文化意味着人与人之间言行恭敬，对彼此分歧的包容以及相互尊重，相互学习。通过学习安瓦鲁·K·乔德哈瑞大使的和平文化课程，我了解到每个人都能有做所为，因此都应该加入彼此尊重的讨论中。然而，在教育领域，暴力，比如对学生的欺凌行为已经成为全世界一个严重的社会问题。我认为欺凌影响了推动和平文化的进程，因为它夺走了受害学生在学校生活中应得的快乐。很多情况下，很多受害学生被欺凌是由于他们患有残疾或存在个性差异，而与人们设想出来的大多数人群不同。
上初中时，我身边就有一群欺凌学生的恶霸。我们学校为耳聋学生提供一套特殊课程，因此，学校有一些存在听力障碍的学生。那些校园恶霸知道耳聋人如果不看嘴型就不能听懂他们的话，就不断在背后嘲笑我的一个耳聋同学。这个同学以前天天来上学，但是由于他经常受到这种欺侮，无奈辍学了。后来我也成为了这些校园霸王的目标之一。有一天，我发现我的朋友对待我的态度和从前不一样了。他们不再跟我说话，我的一个朋友还在课上向我扔纸团。那时候我每天都惶恐不安，总是害怕进教室。有时候，我在街上晃荡，甚至希望车能从我身上碾过去，我痛不欲生。
这种惴惴不安的日子在我于日本读高中时终于发生了改变，在日本欺凌是违反学校纪律的。这所学校的创始者总是强调学生之间需要开展基于互相尊重差异的开放讨论。我的同学都很开放并尊重他人的差异。一开始，我不敢相信我能进这样的中学，因为在我初中的学校，恃强凌弱行为是司空见惯的事情。然而，通过高中的教育，我认识到学校的欺凌行为是夺走学生学习热情的最为糟糕的方式。因此，必须在学校根除这种现象。由于我自己的亲身经历，我能够了解被人欺侮的感受，我想为创造一个没有人因为他们的差异、弱势、个性或社会地位而受歧视和欺侮的社会而做出自己应有的贡献。
We live in an age when the majority of humans on this planet are governed by two organizing principles: capitalism and democracy. Capitalism is based on our creative tendencies, ambition, enrichment, invention, but can also bring out greed, overt materialism and bellicosity. Democracy is based on our moral tendencies, the belief that we all deserve equal protection before the law, irrespective of our position within the capitalist rat race, that as constituents of a given society we deserve a say in how our society is governed. However, it is important to dig deeper into this question of democracy. Another way of distinguishing between capitalism and democracy is that the former sees the individual as the most significant unit in human organisation, whereas the latter inspires a commitment towards the other. Our world is too small in the twenty-first century to be so divided. We need to recognize, as individuals, families, communities, and nations, that an injury to one is an injury to all and conversely that our individual prosperity is intricately linked with that of others’.
This is what the Culture of Peace means to me; a fuller recognition between nations that we must care for each other, in this evermore interdependent world. The Culture of Peace is more than a piece of legislation. It is “a set of values, attitudes, traditions and modes of behaviour and ways of life”. We need to overcome the juridical technocratic obsession that pervades our rationally-based modern society to reengage with the deeper meaning of a rule of law: justice, in all its multifaceted and constantly adapting forms. The Culture of Peace must serve as the guiding principle for all who earnestly seek to create peace in their lives and communities; it is a clarion call to action. 联合国通过的《和平文化宣言与行动纲领》是一份统一的法律性文件，将人权宣言与联合国的宗旨融入到一个整体视野中，并且进一步进行了延伸。虽然人类一直渴求和平文化，但是人类历史的大部分时间都是虚幻的，转瞬即逝的片段而已。和平文化是普世性的：它跨越并包涵不同种族、性别、国别、种族、宗教和阶级。其原因在于和平文化的根本核心在于将自我转变作为自我实现的最可靠途径。自我转变是所有创造性行为的最为显著的特征。我使用“创造性”这个词语，不是让大家联想到那些依靠自己所钟爱的天赋工作的原型画家和作家，而是作为“破坏性”这个词语的反义词。和平文化是一项创造性的努力，为实现它，我们必须改变我们的破坏性，有时是自我毁灭的倾向，并且展示我们内心使我们之所以成为人的独特一面。
在我们生活的这个时代，绝大多数人都被两条原则所支配：资本主义和民主。资本主义的基础是我们创造性的倾向、抱负、自我充实、创新，但是也会展示我们的贪婪，明目张胆的拜金主义和好战的一面。民主构建于我们的道德倾向之上，认为我们都应得到法律的平等保护，不论我们在资本主义你争我夺的竞争中的地位如何，我们作为社会的一员，都有关于如何治理这个社会的发言权。另一个区分资本主义与民主的方法是，资本主义认为个体是人类组织中最为重要的单元，然而后者则激励对他人承担义务。21世纪的世界小得难以分割，我们应该认识到，作为个体、家庭、社区和国家，对一个成员的伤害即是对所有人的伤害，相反，个体的福祉与他人的福祉都是密不可分的。
这就是和平文化对于我的意义，让我更加认识到国家之间必须互相关心，尤其是在这个越来越紧密相连的世界。和平文化不仅仅是一份法律文件，它还是“一套价值观、态度、传统、行为准则和生活方式。”我们应该克服充斥我们这个以理性为基础的现代社会的对法律专家的依赖，重新认识法治的深层次含义：包涵多方面并且形式不断变化的正义。和平文化必须作为所有希望在他们的生活和社区中积极构建和平的人的指导原则，它吹响了行动的号角。
Written by Yoko Kumano
The Culture of Peace enables people to recognize peace as a normative model that they must follow. As the Seville Statement on Violence indicates, the world has cultivated the culture of violence and war. It is time to change this evil culture to the Culture of Peace. In order to develop the Culture of Peace, there are three important elements that the world needs to work on: education, empowerment of women, and cooperation of nations.
Education plays a leading role to promote the Culture of Peace because it significantly affects people’s mindset. Peace education, which emphasizes the importance of nonviolence and cooperation with others, is necessary to cultivate the Culture of Peace. Wrong education that glorifies war and inculcates prejudice into people must be eradicated. Peace education needs to be applied in all communities because it enables people to understand the importance of the Culture of Peace and obtain skills and knowledge to create peace.
In addition to peace education, empowerment of women is essential for the Culture of Peace. The status of women is still very low, particularly in developing countries. Although they have great potential to contribute to their communities, they are not able to utilize their talent because of lack of opportunities and understanding for women. Societies must provide women with enough opportunities to encourage them to make a change in their lives. Besides that, all countries must strive to eradicate causes of suffering of women such as poverty, conflicts, violence, and sexual abuse. It is necessary for the world to protect and empower women in order to develop the Culture of Peace. Cooperation between nations is also a key element in promoting the Culture of Peace. People often consider that peace is the absence of war. Although the absence of war is indispensable for maintaining peace, it is not enough. As the UNESCO Director-General mentions, peace means that people not only reject war but also respect their diversity and rights. Therefore, creating peace requires all nations to work together for building up mutual understanding and appreciation for human rights as well as eradicating war. In order to cooperate with each other, all countries need to have a sense of solidarity, which allows them to consider the world as one. With a sense of solidarity, they can unite and promote the Culture of Peace.
In conclusion, the Culture of Peace must be cultivated for the sake of all people. Education, empowerment of women, and cooperation of countries are especially important to promote the Culture of Peace. Former Secretary-General of the United Nations and Nobel Peace laureate Kofi Annan said, “It is not enough to engage in peace-building efforts after societies have been ravaged by conflicts. It is not enough to conduct preventive diplomacy. All of this is essential work, but we want enduring results. We need, in short, a culture of peace.” Construction of the culture of peace is human’s mission.
和平文化使人意识到和平是一个人们必须遵循的标准化的规范。《塞维利亚反暴力宣言》提到，世界滋生了暴力和战争文化。现在，改变这一邪恶文化为和平文化的时机已经到了。为了构建和平文化，全世界必须要做好三个方面的工作：教育、女性赋权和国家合作。
教育对于倡导和平文化起主导作用，因为它能够对人们的心态产生重大的影响。和平教育强调非暴力与人与人合作的重要性，对于发展和平文化是很必要的。美化战争或向人们灌输偏见是错误的教育必须加以制止。所有的社区都应进行和平教育，因为它能够让人认识到和平文化的重要性，并使人获得构建和平的技能和知识。
除和平教育之外，女性赋权对和平文化也是很重要的。目前女性的地位仍旧十分低下，尤其是在发展中国家。虽然她们有很大的潜力能够对社区做出贡献，由于缺乏机遇和对她们的了解，她们无法充分发挥其聪明才智。社会必须为女性提供充分的机遇，激励她们在生活中有做所为。除此之外，所有的国家必须消除导致女性苦难的根源，比如贫穷、冲突、暴力和性侵犯。世界必须保护女性并对女性赋权，从而更好地发展和平文化。
国家合作是倡导和平文化的另一个关键。我们时常认为和平就是没有战争。虽然没有战争对于维系和平是必不可少的，但还不够。正如联合国教科文组织总干事所说，和平意味着人们不仅排斥战争，还应尊重彼此的多样性和权利。因此，构建和平要求所有的国家携起手来，相互理解并尊重人权，最终消灭战争。为了促进合作，所有的国家应该有一种团结精神，认识到世界是一个整体。这种团结精神能够团结所有国家，从而更好地倡导和平文化。
总而言之，为了人类的发展必须倡导和平文化。而教育、女性赋权和国家合作对于倡导和平文化尤为重要。联合国前秘书长，诺贝尔和平获得者——科菲·安南认为，“国家在遭受冲突之后，仅仅靠参与和平构建是不够的，仅仅靠预防性的外交策略也是不够的。这些都非常必要，但是我们希望看到持久的效果。简而言之，我们需要和平文化。”构建和平文化是人类的使命。
Written by Yukio Ichinose
The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace in 1999. In the Programme of Action, promotion of education is the first step to foster the culture of peace. To me, the culture of peace means a set of respectful actions towards one another, an understanding of the differences between people, and constantly learning from them through mutual respect. Through taking a class on the Culture of Peace by Ambassador Anwarul Chowdhury, I learned that everyone has something to contribute and that therefore every woman and man should engage in respectful dialogue. However, in educational fields, violence, such as bullying, against children has been a serious problem in societies all over the world. I believe that bullying interferes with the process of promoting the culture of peace because it takes the joy out of a child’s participation in school-life. In most cases, children bully other classmates because they are different from a conceived majority due to a disability or uniqueness. When I was in junior high school, there was a group of people who bullied my classmates. Because my junior high school offered a special class for deaf students, there were some students who had a hearing impairment. The bullies constantly teased one of my deaf friends behind his back, knowing that he had no way to understand what they were saying without looking at their mouths. Even though he used to come to class often, he stopped because all he received was disrespectful treatment because of his disability. I was also targeted by those bullies. One day, my friends suddenly started treating me differently. They stopped talking to me, and one of my friends threw me a crumpled paper ball at me during class. At that time, every day was dreadful for me. I always felt scared to go into a classroom. Sometimes, I wandered around the streets wishing someone would run over me; I had lost the desire to live.
My horrible life changed when I entered high school in Japan, where bullying was forbidden as a school principle. The founder of the high school always placed importance on open dialogues with other students based on the idea of respect for uniqueness. My classmates behaved openly and respectfully towards each other’s differences. At first, I could not believe that it would be possible to be in a school without worrying about bullying because bullying happened on a daily basis in my junior high. However, through the education in my high school, I came to believe that bullying at school is the worst way to take away children’s desire to learn; therefore, it has to be exterminated from schools. As I understand what it is like to be bullied by others from the depth of my heart based on my past experience, I want to contribute to creating a society where no one is discriminated or bullied against because of their differences, vulnerability, unique characteristics, or social status.
联合国大会在1999年通过了《和平文化宣言与行动纲领》。该行动纲领中提到，倡导教育是推动和平文化的第一步。于我而言，和平文化意味着人与人之间言行恭敬，对彼此分歧的包容以及相互尊重，相互学习。通过学习安瓦鲁·K·乔德哈瑞大使的和平文化课程，我了解到每个人都能有做所为，因此都应该加入彼此尊重的讨论中。然而，在教育领域，暴力，比如对学生的欺凌行为已经成为全世界一个严重的社会问题。我认为欺凌影响了推动和平文化的进程，因为它夺走了受害学生在学校生活中应得的快乐。很多情况下，很多受害学生被欺凌是由于他们患有残疾或存在个性差异，而与人们设想出来的大多数人群不同。
上初中时，我身边就有一群欺凌学生的恶霸。我们学校为耳聋学生提供一套特殊课程，因此，学校有一些存在听力障碍的学生。那些校园恶霸知道耳聋人如果不看嘴型就不能听懂他们的话，就不断在背后嘲笑我的一个耳聋同学。这个同学以前天天来上学，但是由于他经常受到这种欺侮，无奈辍学了。后来我也成为了这些校园霸王的目标之一。有一天，我发现我的朋友对待我的态度和从前不一样了。他们不再跟我说话，我的一个朋友还在课上向我扔纸团。那时候我每天都惶恐不安，总是害怕进教室。有时候，我在街上晃荡，甚至希望车能从我身上碾过去，我痛不欲生。
这种惴惴不安的日子在我于日本读高中时终于发生了改变，在日本欺凌是违反学校纪律的。这所学校的创始者总是强调学生之间需要开展基于互相尊重差异的开放讨论。我的同学都很开放并尊重他人的差异。一开始，我不敢相信我能进这样的中学，因为在我初中的学校，恃强凌弱行为是司空见惯的事情。然而，通过高中的教育，我认识到学校的欺凌行为是夺走学生学习热情的最为糟糕的方式。因此，必须在学校根除这种现象。由于我自己的亲身经历，我能够了解被人欺侮的感受，我想为创造一个没有人因为他们的差异、弱势、个性或社会地位而受歧视和欺侮的社会而做出自己应有的贡献。