我国经济特区如何适应国内外发展的新形势,从现实出发,利用发挥比较优势,加快转型和升级,寻求新的突破和新的发展,这是关系到我国改革开放和现代化建设全局的重大问题。 一、顺应和发挥后发优势 “经济特区”的称谓是我国的首创,因为在我国建立经济特区之前,世界上还没有这种叫法。然而,经济特区的问世,却已有大约百年的历史,尤其是本世纪60年代以来,在世界各国蓬勃发展,至今风靡不衰,成为本世纪最引人瞩目的经济现象之一。首先,经济特区的发展已超越自然地域范围的限制,它已从西欧扩展到世界五大洲,除大洋洲外,亚、非、欧都各有100个以上各种类型的经济特区。其次,经济特区的发展已超越经济发展水平的限制,无论是发达国家、新兴工业化国家和地区,还是准工业化国家,抑或是经济较为落后的国家都辟有经济特区。再次,经济特区已超越社会经济制度的限制,无论带有浓厚前资本主义色彩的国家,还是资本主义国家,抑或社会主义国家,也都相继兴办了各类经济特区。 我国的经济特区,在世界经济特区发展史上还属“小字辈”,它与最早出现的自由港、自由贸易区一类经济性特区相比,设区时间相差七个多世纪;与第一代出口加工区的诞生时间相比,迟了20年以上;与一些综合性特区的问世相比,也迟了十多 How to adapt our country’s special economic zones to the new situation of development both at home and abroad, starting from reality, exploiting comparative advantages, speeding up transformation and upgrading, and seeking new breakthroughs and new developments are major issues that have an impact on the overall situation of China’s reform and opening up as well as its modernization drive. First, to adapt to and play the advantages of late “Special Economic Zones” appellation is our country’s first, because in our country before the establishment of special economic zones, the world has not called this. However, the advent of the special economic zone has existed for about one hundred years. Especially since the 1960s, the special economic zone has flourished in various countries in the world and has become an ever-present one of the most spectacular economic phenomena in this century. First of all, the development of the special economic zone has exceeded the limits of the natural geographical area. It has expanded from Western Europe to the five continents of the world. Except for Oceania, each of Asia, Africa and Europe has more than 100 types of special economic zones. Second, the development of the special economic zones has surpassed the limits of the level of economic development. Both the developed countries, the newly industrialized countries and regions, the quasi-industrialized countries, or the economically backward countries have established special economic zones. Third, the special economic zones have surpassed the restrictions of the social and economic systems. No matter whether the countries with a strong pre-capitalist sentiment, the capitalist countries or the socialist countries have also set up various special economic zones one after another. The special economic zones in our country are still in the history of the development of the special economic zones in the world. Compared with the first special economic zones such as the free port and the free trade zone, the special economic zones have a difference of more than seven centuries ago. Compared with the first generation of export processing Compared to the birth date of the district, it lasted more than 20 years and was more than a dozen later than the advent of some comprehensive special zones