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梁启超思想复杂多变,既有反复之处,也有精进之象,其坚持民权思想则是一以贯之的。他明确地将民权与御侮救国,即思想文化上的启蒙同现实的救亡图存有机结合起来,这表明其本人的思想已经超越了维新范畴。他把国民与奴隶予以区分,致力于使民众彻底根除“奴隶性”、抛弃“奴隶行”,而成为国民。后来“五四”新文化倡导者展开国民性讨论,揭露和批判国民的劣根性,实际上是对梁启超这一思想的发展。他的“新民”理想观其实比康有为的“大同”理想,更有理论深度,更有历史意义。
Liang Qichao’s thinking is complicated and changeable. There are both repetitions and elevations, and his adherence to the civil rights ideology is consistent. He clearly combines civil rights and the policy of saving the country with the motherland, that is, the cultural enlightenment and the reality of national salvation, which shows that his own thinking has gone beyond the scope of reform. He made a distinction between nationals and slaves and committed himself to making the people eradicate “slavery” completely, abandoning “slaves” and becoming nationals. Later, the May Fourth new-culture advocates started discussions on the national character and exposed and criticized the bad roots of the people. In fact, this is the development of Liang Qichao’s thinking. His ideal concept of “Xinmin” is actually more theoretical and more historical than Kang’s “Great Harmony” ideal.