后巩膜葡萄肿（PS）是指眼球后极部局部向后膨隆，通常被认为是病理性近视（PM）最主要的特征性病变之一。PS与黄斑裂孔、视网膜劈裂与脱离、脉络膜视网膜变性萎缩等密切相关。PS发病机制尚不明确，无有效防治方法。了解PS流行病学及危险因素、诊断检测方法、分类与分级、发病机制及干预措施，可为PS的病因学研究提供线索。“,”Posterior staphyloma (PS), a hallmark lesion of pathological myopia (PM), is defined as a local swelling of the posterior pole of the eyebulb. PS is closely associated with macular hole, retinoschisis, retinal detachment, chorioretinal degeneration and atrophy. At present, the pathogenesis of PS is not completely concluded, and there are no effective methods of prevention and treatment. The understanding of the epidemiology and risks, diagnose and detection methods, classification and grading, pathogenesis and intervention measures of PS can provide clues to the etiology study.