清康熙二十三年(1684)开海后,随着民间海洋经济活动的活跃,海上失事民船日渐增多。针对这种状况,清朝于开海之初即颁布了海上失事民船的救助与管理规定,直至光绪朝前,这些规定一直是进行失事民船救助与管理的制度基础。这些以官方力量为主的救助与管理规定,在实践过程中,尤其在失事民船救助方面,产生了众多的弊病,特别是其远不能适应晚清开放通商后复杂的海上救助环境,这促使光绪朝做出改革海上救助制度的重大举措。海上救助与管理制度是清王朝管理海洋社会经济的组成部分,它的艰难演进从一个侧面折射出中国海洋社会经济发展的曲折道路。 In the 23rd year of the Qing Emperor Kangxi (1684), following the opening of the sea, with the active economic activities of the non-governmental oceanic economy, the number of civilian casualties at sea has been on the increase. In response to this situation, the Qing dynasty at the beginning of the sea promulgated the rescue and management provisions of the shipwrecked crashes, until the Guangxu forward, these provisions have been the basis for the rescue and management of crashed civil ship. These aid and management regulations based on official power have many shortcomings in practice, especially in the rescue of crashed civil ships. In particular, they are far from being able to adapt to the complicated maritime rescue environment after the opening of the communist trade in the late Qing dynasty. This prompted Guangxu North Korea made a major move to reform the maritime rescue system. Maritime rescue and management system is an integral part of Qing Dynasty’s management of marine social economy. Its difficult evolution reflects the tortuous path of China’s marine social and economic development from one aspect.