当病毒侵入细胞时,它的核酸失去了外面的蛋白膜,这对于病毒蛋白的复制和合成起着促进作用。在这一过程中细胞消耗它的成分和能量为新的病毒颗粒的形成创造条件。被感染的细胞或受到损害或则致死。而病毒的核酸从细胞内的蛋白外壳中释放后对外源性核酸酶的损害作用比之具有蛋白壳体保护时有更大的易感性。病毒的核酸分子因酶作用而降解,可能阻碍病毒的复制、转录和再增殖。 When a virus invades a cell, its nucleic acid loses the outer membrane of the protein, which contributes to the replication and synthesis of the viral protein. In the process, cells consume its components and energy to create conditions for the formation of new virus particles. Infected cells are either damaged or lethal. The viral nucleic acid release from the intracellular protein shell exerts a greater susceptibility to exogenous nucleic acid enzymes than protection of the protein shell. The degradation of viral nucleic acid molecules by the action of enzymes may hinder the replication, transcription and repopulation of the virus.