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目的了解四川省艾滋病病毒(HIV)职业暴露状况,探讨HIV职业暴露的影响因素及防治办法。方法对四川省2007-2011年报告的HIV职业暴露人员进行流行病学个案调查,并作描述性分析。结果 2007-2011年四川省报告HIV职业暴露人员464人,主要来自于卫生、公安司法机构,医护人员占77.58%(360/464)),其次是公安司法人员15.09%(70/464),其他人员7.33%(34/464)人。暴露方式包括针刺伤、锐器伤或接触暴露等,以针刺伤和切割伤为主,占61.43%(285/464)。HIV暴露后预防(PEP)采取清创94.83%(440/464)和预防性服药89.44%(415/464)措施,暴露后4 h内服药的人员占35.07%(148/415)。随访监测未发现HIV抗体阳转者。结论医务人员和警察是HIV职业暴露的主要人群,暴露后采取预防措施可有效预防HIV感染。HIV暴露防护知识的培训、防护药品的可及性是今后工作的重点。
Objective To understand the occupational exposure of HIV in Sichuan Province and to explore the influencing factors and prevention and cure methods of HIV occupational exposure. Methods An epidemiological case-by-case survey of HIV-exposed workers in Sichuan Province from 2007 to 2011 was conducted and analyzed descriptively. Results In 2007-2011, Sichuan Province reported 464 HIV occupational exposures, mainly from health and public security agencies, accounting for 77.58% (360/464) of health care workers), followed by 15.09% (70/464) of public security and judicial officers and others Staff 7.33% (34/464) people. The methods of exposure included acupuncture, sharps injuries or exposure to acupuncture and cutting injuries, accounting for 61.43% (285/464). 94.83% (440/464) debridement and 89.44% (415/464) preventive prophylaxis were used to prevent post-exposure HIV infection (PEP), and 35.07% (148/415) took medication within 4 hours after exposure. Follow-up surveillance found no positive HIV antibody positive person. Conclusion Medical personnel and police are the major occupational exposures to HIV. Preventive exposure measures can effectively prevent HIV infection. The training of HIV exposure prevention knowledge and the accessibility of protective drugs are the focus of future work.