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地下水流模型是辅助地下水资源量评价的一种工具,采用的建模方法主要是有限元法、有限差分法和边界元法。基于有限元法的地下水流模型包括地下水概念模型、数学模型、数值模拟模型3部分。概念模型建立包括含水层结构概化、研究区边界概化及水力特性确定3个步骤;数学模型和数值模拟模型建立包括数学方程式描述、区域剖分、定解条件处理、源汇项、水文地质参数确定、模型识别与检验及水量均衡分析7个步骤。以华北平原地下水流模型为例,阐述建模过程。
Groundwater flow model is a tool to assist groundwater resources assessment. The modeling methods are mainly finite element method, finite difference method and boundary element method. The groundwater flow model based on the finite element method includes three parts: conceptual model, mathematical model and numerical simulation model of groundwater. The establishment of the conceptual model includes the generalization of the aquifer, the generalization of the boundary of the study area and the determination of the hydraulic characteristics. The mathematical model and numerical simulation model are established including mathematical equation description, regional subdivision, conditional solution, source and sink, hydrogeology Parameter determination, model identification and testing and water balance analysis of seven steps. Taking the North China Plain groundwater flow model as an example, the modeling process is explained.