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模板法在纳米材料的合成过程中已成为一种非常重要的技术。利用其结构导向、骨架填充、平衡和匹配电荷等作用,可以达到精确地调控纳米材料孔道的大小、形状及结构的目的。本文主要对模板剂的种类进行了详细的分类,重点介绍了硬模板法和软模板法在合成纳米材料过程中的现状及特点,并具体介绍了模板剂在合成纳米生物材料及纳米催化剂、电化学、化工合成等方面的应用;阐述了模板法在介孔材料合成过程中的重要性,指出了目前模板剂方法存在的优缺点;提出了模板剂在超分子功能材料、光化学反应及催化工业等方面应用的纳米材料合成中的发展趋势和良好前景。
Template method in the synthesis of nanomaterials has become a very important technology. With its structure-oriented, skeleton-filled, balanced and matching charges, it can achieve the purpose of accurately controlling the size, shape and structure of the pores in the nanomaterials. In this paper, the types of template agents are classified in detail. The current situation and characteristics of hard template method and soft template method in the synthesis of nanomaterials are introduced in detail, and the effects of template agents on the synthesis of nano-biomaterials and nano-catalysts, Chemistry and chemical synthesis. The importance of the template method in the synthesis of mesoporous materials is expounded. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing template methods are pointed out. The effects of template agents on the synthesis of supramolecular functional materials, photochemical reactions and catalysis And other aspects of the synthesis of nanomaterials in the development trend and good prospects.