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目的：探讨高血压脑出血术后肺部感染的相关因素，以及有效的预防、治疗措施。方法回顾性分析我科自2009年7月~2014年12月收治的315例行手术治疗的高血压脑出血的患者临床资料。结果315例患者中发生肺部感染的有114例。年龄>60岁的患者与20~40岁的患者相比较（P=0.009，有统计学意义），年龄>60岁的患者出现肺部感染的几率大；出血部位位于小脑、脑干部位的患者与基底节皮质下部位的患者比较（P=0.000，有统计学意义），出血部位位于小脑、脑干部位的患者出现肺部感染的几率大；出血量>50 ml的患者与出血量50 ml的患者出现肺部感染的几率大；GCS评分8分的患者比较（P=0.000，有统计学意义），GCS评分<8分的患者出现肺部感染的几率大；气管切开的患者与未行气管切开的患者比较（P=0.000，有统计学意义），气管切开的患者出现肺部感染的几率大。结论高血压脑出血术后出现肺部感染与多种因素有关，与患者的年龄大小、出血部位、出血量多少、意识障碍程度程度、有无侵入操作等多方面因素有关。为了控制肺部感染，改善高血压脑出血术后患者的预后，我们应该及时、全面的进行预防和治疗高血压脑出血术后的肺部感染。“,”ObjectiveTo investigate relevant factors of pulmonary infection related to postoperative hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, as well as effective prevention and treatment measures.MethodsThe clinical data of 315 cases with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage after surgical treatment in our department from July 2009 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsPulmonary infection occurred in 114 of 315 patients. Compared to 20~40 year-old patients, patients aged over 60-year-old had major risk of infection (P=0.009, statistical significance); Patients whose bleeding site located in the cerebellum, brain stem had major risk of infection compared with located in basal ganglia (P=0.000, statistical significance); Patients with amount of bleeding greater than 50ml were compared with less than 50ml (P=0.000, statistical significance), and the former had more risk of pulmonary infection; Patients of GCS score less than 8 had more risk of pulmonary infection in comparison with more than 8 (P= 0.000, statistical significance); Compared patients treated by tracheotomy with patients not treated (P=0.000, statistical significance), the former had more risk of pulmonary infection.ConclusionThe emergence of pulmonary infection of postoperative hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage related with a variety of factors, such as the age of patients, bleeding sites, the amount of bleeding, conscious disturbance score, whether or not invasive operation, and so on. In order to control pulmonary infection and improve prognosis of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, we should timely and completely prevent and treat pulmonary infection of postoperative hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.