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基因组选择是同时对高密度全基因组标记的选择,也是一种标记辅助选择.此方法能够在提高育种值估计准确性的同时,通过早期选种缩短世代间隔、降低近交、加速遗传进展.随着畜禽高密度全基因组SNP芯片的问世,基因组选择方法正在影响着传统的畜禽遗传评估体系.在多数奶业发达国家,基因组选择方法正逐渐取代传统奶牛遗传评估方法,成为奶牛遗传评估的“标准”方法.近年来,针对基因组选择的方法、影响因素、应用策略和育种方案的研究大量涌现.基因组选择已经成为当前动物、植物及水产生物遗传育种领域的研究热点.本文综述了基因组选择的计算方法、准确性的来源及影响因素以及基因组选择在畜禽遗传育种中的应用现状,同时对当前存在的问题进行总结,并对基因组选择的理论发展和应用前景进行展望.
Genome selection is the choice of both high-density genome-wide marker and marker-assisted selection, which can improve the accuracy of breeding value, shorten the generation interval and reduce inbreeding, and accelerate the genetic progress through early selection. With the advent of high-density whole-genome SNP chips for livestock and poultry, the method of genome selection is affecting the traditional system of livestock genetic evaluation.In most developed dairy countries, the method of genome selection is gradually replacing the traditional methods of genetic evaluation of dairy cows and becoming the genetic assessment of dairy cows In recent years, researches on methods, influencing factors, application strategies and breeding programs of genome selection have emerged in large numbers.The genome selection has become a hotspot in the field of genetics and breeding of animals, plants and aquatic organisms.This article reviews The calculation method of genome selection, the origin and influencing factors of accuracy and the application status of genome selection in animal husbandry and breeding. At the same time, the existing problems are summarized, and the theoretical development and application foreground of genome selection are prospected.