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合法替代行为抗辩是所有责任法领域的问题。就其在责任法中的归属而言,应采违法性关联说,即属于损害归责的问题。在确定是否认可合法替代行为抗辩时,应考虑法定义务或合同义务的规范目的。而且,被告必须证明,合法替代行为必然导致同样的损害。针对实践中的主要案件类型,即违反告知义务的案件、违反程序性规定的案件和违反职务上义务的案件,应当分别情形确定妥当的解决方案。
Defense of legal alternative acts is a matter in all areas of responsibility law. As far as its ownership in the law of responsibility is concerned, it should be taken to implicate the illegality, which means that the question of imputation is at fault. In determining whether to plead the defense of a legal alternative, consideration should be given to regulating the legal or contractual obligations. Moreover, the accused must demonstrate that the legal alternative must necessarily result in the same injury. In view of the main types of cases in practice, that is, the cases of violating the obligation of informing, the cases of violating the procedural provisions and the cases of violating the obligations on the post, the proper solution should be determined respectively.